The endocrine system

high blood pressure and edema

Daniella has been diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which of the following is probably NOT one of her signs or symptoms?

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the female's urine called

True

True or false Acromegaly is a condition that results from the hypersecretion of growth hormone after long bone growth has ended.

True

True or false Adrenaline is also known as epinephrine.

False

True or false Antidiuretic hormone promotes both sodium and water retention.

False

True or false Two hormones are made and secreted by the posterior pituitary: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

False

True or false, The scientific study of hormones and endocrine organs is known as immunology.

insulin

Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose levels?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland?

beta cells

Which specific cells of the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) release insulin in response to high blood glucose levels?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Alcohol inhibits the secretion of

menopause

As the efficiency of the ovaries declines in middle age, a woman's ability to bear children ends. What is this known as?

catalyze a reaction that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP)

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT.

insulin; glucagon

Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ______ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as

Addison desease

Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are signs and symptoms of

parafollicular

Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland

parafallicular

Calcitonin is made by the______ cells of the thyroid gland

glucocorticoids

Cortisone and cortisol are types of ________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland

hormonal

Hormones of the hypothalamus stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete its hormones. How would you classify this type of endocrine gland stimulation?

Steroid hormone

How would you classify a hormone that is made from cholesterol, such as a sex hormone?

Cushing system

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, often caused by a tumor, results in

Hormone

In the second-messenger system, what serves as the first messenger?

released upon stimulation by other hormones

Most hormones are

True

Most hormones are regulated by negative feedback mechanisms.

decreased blood pressure

Mr. Lee says he felt scared to death when his neighbor's dog bit him. Which of the following did he NOT experience as a result of catecholamine release?

anterior pituitary gland

Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus influence the activities of the

reabsorb sodium ions

Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to

cretinism

Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age, has dry skin, and scanty hair. He also shows signs of intellectual impairment. What disorder do you suspect?

sleep aid

Some people purchase melatonin as an over-the-counter medication. For what specific purpose?

parathyroid glands

Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the

Label G

The glands that produce catecholamines are indicated by

Testosterone

The hormone produced by male testes which is necessary for sperm production is ___________

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is

Label H

The pancreas is indicated by

True

True or false Hormones that are secreted in response to other hormones are prodded by hormonal stimuli

False

True or false Releasing and inhibiting hormones made by the hypothalamus control the release of hormones from the posterior pituitary.

adrenal medulla

What gland releases catecholamines?

goiter

Without iodine in the diet, which thyroid gland disorder may result?

pituitary dwarfism

Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to

epinephrine

The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of

Label H

The gland that produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone is indicated by

Label J

The gland that produces testosterone is indicated by

Label F

The gland that produces thymosin is indicated by

Label E

The glands situated around the thyroid gland that operate entirely under humoral control are represented by ________.

Label E

The glands that produce a hormone that is the most important regulator of calcium ion homeostasis of the blood are indicated by

oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

The hypothalamus makes two hormones, posterior pituitary.

True

True or false Aldosterone release is prevented by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a hormone released by the heart.

False

True or false Both male and female sex hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla throughout life in relatively small amounts.

False

True or false Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are produced by the parathyroid glands.

False

True or false Diabetes insipidus is caused by hyposecretion of insulin.

True

True or false Growth hormone promotes the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones of the body.

True

True or false Hormones only affect certain tissue cells or organs known as target cells or target organs.

True

True or false Hypersecretion of the sex hormones may lead to masculinization in both men and women.

True

True or false The hyposecretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) results in sterility.

True

True or false The target of prolactin is the female breast.

False

True or false Thyroid hormone controls blood calcium levels.

True

True or false Thyroid hormone is actually two iodine-containing hormones called T3 and T4.

The second messenger system

Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using

Thymosin appears to be essential for the normal development ofT lymphocytes.

What is the primary function of thymosin?

thyroid gland

What is the target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), or thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)

estrogens and progesterone

What two groups of steroid hormones are made by female ovaries?

Insulin

When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ________ to decrease levels

posterior surface of the thyroid gland

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland

Where is calcitonin made?

pituitary gland

Which endocrine gland is most closely associated with the hypothalamus?

thymus

Which gland is located in the upper thorax, posterior to the sternum?

Melatonin

Which hormone appears to play an important role in establishing the body's sleep-wake cycle?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water from forming urine and as a result, increases blood volume?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which hormone is alternately known as vasopressin due to its effect on blood pressure by causing constriction of arterioles (small arteries)?

erythropoietin

Which hormone is produced by the kidneys to stimulation production of red blood cells by the bone marrow?

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Which hormone, produced by the placenta, stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone so that the lining of the uterine is not sloughed off in menses?

diabetes insipidus

Which of the following disorders results from the hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH?)

stimulation of the posterior pituitary

Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone on males?

regulate salt content of the blood

Which of the following is a function of the mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone?

Angiotensin II

Which of the following is a potent stimulator of aldosterone release? A) thymosin B) calcitonin C) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) D) angiotensin Il

epinephrine (adrenaline)

Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla?

thyrotropic hormone (TH) or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Which of these hormones prods the thyroid gland to release thyroxine (TA)?

calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?

moon face

Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus?

Cellular mutations occur

Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells? A) Plasma membrane permeability changes. Bi Gelular mutations occur C) Enzymes are activated or inactivated. D) Mitosis is stimulated. E) Proteins are synthesized in the cell.

endocrine system

Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones?

prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin

Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in stimulating and maintaining breast milk production in a nursing mothers breasts?

insulin and glucagon

Which two important hormones are produced by the islet cells (islets of Langerhans) of the pancreas

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

A hormone produced by the heart, known as __________ prevents the release of aldosterone in order to reduce blood volume and blood pressure.

Androgens

Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called

Humoral stimulus

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands in response to low blood concentration of calcium ions. This mechanism operates by a

Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones.

Select the statement that best describes the unction of tropic hormones A) Tropic hormones stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones. B) Tropic hormones stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones. C) Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones. D) Tropic hormones stimulate nervous tissue to produce neurotransmitters. E) Tropic hormones stimulate production of prostaglandins.

promote the formation of sex cells

Sex hormones produced by the ovaries and testes

thyroid hormone

The body's major metabolic hormone, which is actually two iodine-containing hormones, is called

renin

The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called

Label I

The female glands that are stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are indicated by

Label C

The gland that hangs from a stalk from the hypothalamus is indicated by

Label D

The gland that is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism is indicated by

Label A

The gland that produces melatonin is indicated by

Label B

The gland that produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone is indicated by

Label A

The pineal gland is indicated by

melatonin

The pineal gland produces

Label F

The thymus is indicated by

calcitonin and thyroid hormone

The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are