The endocrine system
high blood pressure and edema
Daniella has been diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which of the following is probably NOT one of her signs or symptoms?
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the female's urine called
True
True or false Acromegaly is a condition that results from the hypersecretion of growth hormone after long bone growth has ended.
True
True or false Adrenaline is also known as epinephrine.
False
True or false Antidiuretic hormone promotes both sodium and water retention.
False
True or false Two hormones are made and secreted by the posterior pituitary: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
False
True or false, The scientific study of hormones and endocrine organs is known as immunology.
insulin
Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose levels?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland?
beta cells
Which specific cells of the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) release insulin in response to high blood glucose levels?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Alcohol inhibits the secretion of
menopause
As the efficiency of the ovaries declines in middle age, a woman's ability to bear children ends. What is this known as?
catalyze a reaction that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT.
insulin; glucagon
Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ______ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as
Addison desease
Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are signs and symptoms of
parafollicular
Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland
parafallicular
Calcitonin is made by the______ cells of the thyroid gland
glucocorticoids
Cortisone and cortisol are types of ________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland
hormonal
Hormones of the hypothalamus stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete its hormones. How would you classify this type of endocrine gland stimulation?
Steroid hormone
How would you classify a hormone that is made from cholesterol, such as a sex hormone?
Cushing system
Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, often caused by a tumor, results in
Hormone
In the second-messenger system, what serves as the first messenger?
released upon stimulation by other hormones
Most hormones are
True
Most hormones are regulated by negative feedback mechanisms.
decreased blood pressure
Mr. Lee says he felt scared to death when his neighbor's dog bit him. Which of the following did he NOT experience as a result of catecholamine release?
anterior pituitary gland
Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus influence the activities of the
reabsorb sodium ions
Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to
cretinism
Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age, has dry skin, and scanty hair. He also shows signs of intellectual impairment. What disorder do you suspect?
sleep aid
Some people purchase melatonin as an over-the-counter medication. For what specific purpose?
parathyroid glands
Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the
Label G
The glands that produce catecholamines are indicated by
Testosterone
The hormone produced by male testes which is necessary for sperm production is ___________
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is
Label H
The pancreas is indicated by
True
True or false Hormones that are secreted in response to other hormones are prodded by hormonal stimuli
False
True or false Releasing and inhibiting hormones made by the hypothalamus control the release of hormones from the posterior pituitary.
adrenal medulla
What gland releases catecholamines?
goiter
Without iodine in the diet, which thyroid gland disorder may result?
pituitary dwarfism
Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to
epinephrine
The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of
Label H
The gland that produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone is indicated by
Label J
The gland that produces testosterone is indicated by
Label F
The gland that produces thymosin is indicated by
Label E
The glands situated around the thyroid gland that operate entirely under humoral control are represented by ________.
Label E
The glands that produce a hormone that is the most important regulator of calcium ion homeostasis of the blood are indicated by
oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
The hypothalamus makes two hormones, posterior pituitary.
True
True or false Aldosterone release is prevented by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a hormone released by the heart.
False
True or false Both male and female sex hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla throughout life in relatively small amounts.
False
True or false Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are produced by the parathyroid glands.
False
True or false Diabetes insipidus is caused by hyposecretion of insulin.
True
True or false Growth hormone promotes the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones of the body.
True
True or false Hormones only affect certain tissue cells or organs known as target cells or target organs.
True
True or false Hypersecretion of the sex hormones may lead to masculinization in both men and women.
True
True or false The hyposecretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) results in sterility.
True
True or false The target of prolactin is the female breast.
False
True or false Thyroid hormone controls blood calcium levels.
True
True or false Thyroid hormone is actually two iodine-containing hormones called T3 and T4.
The second messenger system
Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using
Thymosin appears to be essential for the normal development ofT lymphocytes.
What is the primary function of thymosin?
thyroid gland
What is the target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), or thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)
estrogens and progesterone
What two groups of steroid hormones are made by female ovaries?
Insulin
When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ________ to decrease levels
posterior surface of the thyroid gland
Where are the parathyroid glands located?
parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland
Where is calcitonin made?
pituitary gland
Which endocrine gland is most closely associated with the hypothalamus?
thymus
Which gland is located in the upper thorax, posterior to the sternum?
Melatonin
Which hormone appears to play an important role in establishing the body's sleep-wake cycle?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water from forming urine and as a result, increases blood volume?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which hormone is alternately known as vasopressin due to its effect on blood pressure by causing constriction of arterioles (small arteries)?
erythropoietin
Which hormone is produced by the kidneys to stimulation production of red blood cells by the bone marrow?
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Which hormone, produced by the placenta, stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone so that the lining of the uterine is not sloughed off in menses?
diabetes insipidus
Which of the following disorders results from the hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH?)
stimulation of the posterior pituitary
Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone on males?
regulate salt content of the blood
Which of the following is a function of the mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone?
Angiotensin II
Which of the following is a potent stimulator of aldosterone release? A) thymosin B) calcitonin C) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) D) angiotensin Il
epinephrine (adrenaline)
Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla?
thyrotropic hormone (TH) or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Which of these hormones prods the thyroid gland to release thyroxine (TA)?
calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?
moon face
Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus?
Cellular mutations occur
Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells? A) Plasma membrane permeability changes. Bi Gelular mutations occur C) Enzymes are activated or inactivated. D) Mitosis is stimulated. E) Proteins are synthesized in the cell.
endocrine system
Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones?
prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin
Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in stimulating and maintaining breast milk production in a nursing mothers breasts?
insulin and glucagon
Which two important hormones are produced by the islet cells (islets of Langerhans) of the pancreas
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
A hormone produced by the heart, known as __________ prevents the release of aldosterone in order to reduce blood volume and blood pressure.
Androgens
Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called
Humoral stimulus
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands in response to low blood concentration of calcium ions. This mechanism operates by a
Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones.
Select the statement that best describes the unction of tropic hormones A) Tropic hormones stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones. B) Tropic hormones stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones. C) Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones. D) Tropic hormones stimulate nervous tissue to produce neurotransmitters. E) Tropic hormones stimulate production of prostaglandins.
promote the formation of sex cells
Sex hormones produced by the ovaries and testes
thyroid hormone
The body's major metabolic hormone, which is actually two iodine-containing hormones, is called
renin
The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called
Label I
The female glands that are stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are indicated by
Label C
The gland that hangs from a stalk from the hypothalamus is indicated by
Label D
The gland that is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism is indicated by
Label A
The gland that produces melatonin is indicated by
Label B
The gland that produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone is indicated by
Label A
The pineal gland is indicated by
melatonin
The pineal gland produces
Label F
The thymus is indicated by
calcitonin and thyroid hormone
The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are