The Enlightenment Assignment and Quiz

According to Hobbes, why do people form social contracts to "live in Common-wealths"?

to escape their miserable natural states

Which choice describes the purpose of this passage?

to explain life without government

Baron de Montesquieu was an Enlightenment philosopher from

France.

Who wrote The Leviathan in 1651?

Thomas Hobbes

Which of these would be acceptable forms of government, according to Locke? Select all that apply.

a representative democracy a constitutional monarchy

What can you infer is the ideal form of government, according to Hobbes?

an absolute monarchy

In this passage, Hobbes discusses the nature of the government that people create with their social contract. According to Hobbes, this government should

be completely powerful.

The social contract theory states that

citizens give up some liberties to government in exchange for protection of their self-interests.

Hobbes calls life in the state of nature "nasty, brutish, and short," because

people must constantly fight enemies.

In France, philosophes discussed Enlightenment ideas in

salons.

The movement known as the Enlightenment occurred during

the 1600s and 1700s.

Which statement best characterizes the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau?

Governments create unequal societies.

According to Locke, what may happen when legislators destroy someone's property?

People may stop doing what the government says.

Based on what you have read, explain the key differences in the views of Hobbes and Locke on the social contract. Write two to three sentences that identify the central points of each person's argument.

Hobbes believed that a social contract was necessary to protect people from their own worst instincts. On the other hand, Locke believed that a social contract was necessary to protect people's natural rights. Locke believed that if government did not protect people's rights, they could reject it.

Which statement best characterizes the ideas of Thomas Hobbes?

People are naturally selfish and violent.

One of Baron de Montesquieu's key ideas was

creating checks and balances.

In this passage, Locke is describing the "state of nature." For Locke, this state of nature is one in which people are

perfectly free to do as they wish.

A political effect of the Enlightenment was that

some monarchs embraced new ideas from the movement.

Which movement happened last in Europe?

the Enlightenment