THE ENVS 1126 Final Exam
The number of states with bottle laws is
10-19
chapter 21 The number of states with bottle laws is
10-19
What percentage of municipal solid waste in the United States is burned at combustion facilities?
10-19%
chapter 17 The percentage of adults who smoke in the United States is currently _________.
10-20%
The concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in water with a pH of 5 is ____________ the concentration of hydrogen ions in water with a pH of 7.
100 times
chapter 6 : Current rates of extinction of species are estimated to be roughly ___________ rates of extinction prior to the Anthropocene.
100 to 1000
Over the next 30 years, roughly what percentage of the world's net population growth is expected to occur in urban areas?
100%
chapter 23 Over the next 30 years, roughly what percentage of the world's net population growth is expected to occur in urban areas?
100%
The number of sites on the National Priorities List is currently
1000-1499
The ecological efficiency in a food chain is 15%. A pollutant (X) is transferred from one trophic level to the next with an efficiency of 45%. The concentration of X on trophic level 2 is 4 ppm. What is the concentration of X on trophic level 5?
108
chapter 5 : The ecological efficiency in a food chain is 15%. A pollutant (X) is transferred from one trophic level to the next with an efficiency of 30%. The concentration of X on trophic level 2 is 4 ppm. What is the concentration of X on trophic level 4?
16
Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge takes about ______________.
4-6 weeks
chapter 20 Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge takes about ______________.
4-6 weeks
chapter 17 What percentage of U.S. adults are obese?
40
A population is growing exponentially with a doubling time of 10 years. If the size of the population now is 50, what will be the size of the population 30 years from now?
400
chapter 4 : A population is growing exponentially with a doubling time of 10 years. If the size of the population now is 50, what will be the size of the population 30 years from now?
400
chapter 23 As a result of the urban heat island effect, cities are typically ___________ degrees Celsius warmer than surrounding areas.
5
As a result of the urban heat island effect, cities are typically ___________ degrees Celsius warmer than surrounding areas
5 ± 2 or 5
Of the CO2 that has been emitted to the atmosphere as a result of human activities since the start of the industrial revolution, approximately what percentage is currently in the atmosphere?
50
chapter 1 : Of the CO2 that has been emitted to the atmosphere as a result of human activities since the start of the industrial revolution, approximately what percentage is currently in the atmosphere?
50
A:The amount of biomass on successive trophic levels in a food chain forms a pyramid in which the biomass on trophic level N+1 is only 20% of the biomass on trophic level N. If pesticide P is transferred from one trophic level to the next with 100% efficiency, what will be the concentration of P on trophic level 5 if the concentration of P on trophic level 2 is 4 parts per million (ppm)?
500 ppm
chapter 13 The amount of biomass on successive trophic levels in a food chain forms a pyramid in which the biomass on trophic level N+1 is only 20% of the biomass on trophic level N. If pesticide P is transferred from one trophic level to the next with 100% efficiency, what will be the concentration of P on trophic level 5 if the concentration of P on trophic level 2 is 4 parts per million (ppm)?
500 ppm
chapter 18 According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations at today's levels would require an immediate reduction of global carbon dioxide emissions by at least ____________ percent.
60 percent
chapter 18 According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations at today's levels would require an immediate reduction of global carbon dioxide emissions by at least ____________ percent.
60%
chapter 18 Melting all the ice on Greenland will cause sea level to rise by approximately __________.
7 m
chapter 20 In the United States, raw wastewater is about ___________ pure water.
99.90%
In the United States, raw wastewater is about ___________ pure water.
99.99%
chapter 10 Which one of the following is an example of adiabatic heating?
A descending mass of air is warmed as it is compressed
Which one of the following is the definition of a biome?
A large area of Earth's surface that shares climate and has similar vegetation
chapter 3 : Which one of the following is the definition of a biome?
A large area of Earth's surface that shares climate and has similar vegetation
chapter 9 : Which one of the following was not part of China's one-child policy?
Additional food rations for same-sex couples
The gradual decrease of global average temperatures from 1940 to 1980 was caused by
Aerosols emitted by coal-burning power plants
chapter 3 : The gradual decrease of global average temperatures from 1940 to 1980 was caused by
Aerosols emitted by coal-burning power plants
The greatest decreases of forest area between 1990 and 2010 occurred in
Africa and South America
chapter 7 : The greatest decreases of forest area between 1990 and 2010 occurred in
Africa and South America
chapter 10 Which one of the following statements is true about a Hadley cell?
Air rises at the equator and sinks at 30 degrees latitude
chapter 17 COVID-19 is a disease caused by a coronavirus that was transmitted from ___________ to humans in 2019.
Bats
The city of Curitiba was able to reduce the time commuters spent traveling into and out of the city by
Building an efficient system of elevated highways that avoided congestion associated with intermingling of thru traffic and local traffic Creating a very efficient public transportation system based on an elevated monorail railway system Creating a very efficient public transportation system based on subways Creating a very efficient public transportation system based on buses
In the United States, the principal source of mercury emissions to the environment in 2007 was
Burning of coal and oil by fossil fuel power plants
chapter 22 In the United States, the principal source of mercury emissions to the environment is
Burning of coal and oil by fossil fuel power plants
chapter 11 Which one of the following soil horizons does not contain humus?
C
chapter 11: Which one of the following soil horizons does not contain humus?
C
chapter 19 Hydroxyl radicals (OH) require more than one month to remove which of the following two pollutants from the troposphere?
CO and CH4 CH4- methane CO- carbon monoxide
chapter 19 Hydroxyl radicals (OH) require more than one month to remove which of the following two pollutants from the troposphere?
CO and methane
Which one of the following is not true of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)?
CRA prohibits the disposal of hazardous wastes in landfills
Which one of the following states is not covered by the 2011 Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR)?
California
chapter 14 Which one of the following countries accounts for the most oil imported by the United States?
Canada
The principal gas in the biogas produced in a landfill is
Carbon dioxide Methane Hydrogen Carbon monoxide
Which of the following are not two of the atmospheric pollutants whose concentrations are regulated by the Clean Air Act?
Carbon dioxide and CH4
chapter 13 Pheromones have not been used to control which one of the following pests?
Cassava mealybug
chapter 4 : Which one of the following is not an example of a parasite?
Cattle egret
Which one of the following is not an example of mutualism?
Cattle egrets and water buffalo
chapter 4 : Which one of the following is not an example of mutualism?
Cattle egrets and water buffalo
chapter 16 The country with the greatest number of solar hot water heaters is
China
chapter 6 : The outbreak of Southern Corn Leaf Blight in 1970 in the United States was dealt with by importing corn from _____________ that was resistant to the fungus that causes the disease.
China
chapter 7 : Which of the following areas experienced a net gain of forest area between 2000 and 2010?
China and Europe
chapter 2 : The Montreal Protocol was an international agreement to phase out the production of
Chlorofluorocarbons
chapter 21 Which one of the following is the most common form of trash identified by volunteers who participate in annual beach cleanups?
Cigarette butts
A:Which one of the following is the major cause of mortality in the least developed countries of the world?
Communicable diseases
chapter 9 : Which one of the following is the major cause of mortality in the least developed countries of the world?
Communicable diseases
chapter 2 : Which one of the following accounts for the smallest percentage of the US federal budget?
Compliance with environmental regulations
chapter 9 : Which one of the following is not among the primary reasons that poor people in developing countries have large families?
Contraceptives are readily available
The catalytic converter on automobiles is not intended to do which one of the following?
Convert SO2 to H2S
chapter 13 Which one of the following is not a technique used in integrated pest management?
Cosmetic spraying
The maximum allowable concentration of arsenic in drinking water in the United States is determined by which one of the following water quality standards?
Criterion maximum concentration Criterion continuous concentration Maximum contaminant level Maximum safe concentration
Which of the following countries have centrally planned economies?
Cuba and North Korea
chapter 2 : Which of the following countries have centrally planned economies?
Cuba and North Korea
Which one of the following is considered to be the most livable city in Latin America?
Curitiba, Brazil
chapter 23 Which one of the following is considered to be the most livable city in Latin America?
Curitiba, Brazil
chapter 22 The environmental problems associated with disposal of chemical wastes at Love Canal resulted from which one of the following?
Disposal of wastes in a dump
The eutrophication of Lake Washington was mitigated by which one of the following methods?
Diverting treated sewage effluents to Puget Sound
chapter 20 The eutrophication of Lake Washington was mitigated by which one of the following methods?
Diverting treated sewage effluents to Puget Sound
Which one of the following is not involved in maintaining population equilibrium?
Drought
.chapter 9 : Which one of the following is not among the conditions conducive to small families?
Early age at marriage
chapter 18 Which one of the following human activities has had a cooling effect on Earth's climate?
Emissions of aerosols in power plant stack gases
chapter 16 Which one of the following regions of the world has the greatest installed PV panel electricity generating capacity?
Europe
Which one of the following is not an example of a mechanism to escape predation?
Exotic plumage of peacock
chapter 4 : Which one of the following is not an example of a mechanism to escape predation?
Exotic plumage of peacock
chapter 18 Which one of the following is not a strategy for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions?
Expand irrigation to areas once fed only by rain
chapter 18 The atmospheric circulation cells in the troposphere between latitudes of roughly 30 and 60 degrees are called
Ferrel cells
Which one of the following is not one of the three major components of a nation's capital that determines its wealth?
Financial capital
chapter 2 : Which one of the following is not one of the three major components of a nation's capital that determines its wealth?
Financial capital
Which one of the following is not an example of consumptive use?
Fish are caught and sold on the international market
chapter 2 : Public policy with respect to long-term disposal of nuclear wastes from commercial nuclear power plants is currently in the ____________________ stage.
Formulation
chapter 2 Public policy with respect to long-term disposal of nuclear wastes from commercial nuclear power plants is currently in the ___________________ stage.
Formulation
chapter 15 Which of the following countries generates the greatest percentage of its electricity from nuclear power plants?
Francde
chapter 15 Which of the following countries generates the greatest percentage of its electricity from nuclear power plants?
France
chapter 2 : Which one of the following measures of the economic progress of China would you expect to have increased the most since 1980?
Gross Domestic Product
chapter 17 The Carter Center is presently trying to eradicate which one of the following disease-causing organisms?
Guinea worm
chapter 9 : Which one of the following millennium development goals has been achieved?
Have halted, by 2015, and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
chapter 9: which one of the following millennium development goals has been achieved?
Have halted, by 2015, and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
In which one of the following types of countries does organic waste (e.g., yard and food waste) not account for more than 50% of the composition of municipal solid waste?
High-income
Consider the following statements: (I) In any energy conversion, some of the usable energy is always lost (II) Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but it may be converted from one form to another, (III) Systems will go spontaneously in one direction only, toward increasing entropy. Which of these are statements of the second law of thermodynamics?
I and III
chapter 3 : Consider the following statements: (I) In any energy conversion, some of the usable energy is always lost (II) Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but it may be converted from one form to another, (III) Systems will go spontaneously in one direction only, toward increasing entropy. Which of these are statements of the second law of thermodynamics?
I and III
chapter 6 : Which one of the following problems is not attributable to habitat destruction?
In Texas, fire ants are estimated to kill 20% of songbird babies before they leave the nest
In the last 20 years, rainfall has become more acidic in which of the following countries?
India and China
Of the 20 cities with the most serious air pollution problems, the greatest number are found in which of the following countries?
India and China
chapter 19 In the last 20 years, rainfall has become more acidic in which of the following countries?
India and China
chapter 19 Of the 20 cities with the most serious air pollution problems, the greatest number are found in which of the following countries?
India and China
chapter 8 : Which one of the following is the correct order of these revolutions?
Industrial (first), medical (second), green (third)
chapter 10 Which one of the following is a consumptive use of water?
Irrigating crops
chapter 10 Which of the following reasons explains why few farmers in the United States irrigate their crops via drip irrigation?
Irrigation water is cheap, and initial installation costs are high
Which of the following countries are continuing commercial whaling despite the 1986 moratorium on whaling imposed by the International Whaling Commission?
Japan and Norway
chapter 7 : Which of the following countries are continuing commercial whaling despite the 1986 moratorium on whaling imposed by the International Whaling Commission?
Japan and Norway
The most common source of groundwater contamination is
Leaking underground storage tanks
chapter 22 The most common source of groundwater contamination is
Leaking underground storage tanks
chapter 5 : Which one of the following is an example of primary succession?
Lichens appear on basalt rock 50 years after a volcanic eruption on the Big Island of Hawaii
chapter 17 The organ in your body that is primarily responsible for rendering harmless the ethanol that you consume when you drink alcoholic beverages is your _____________.
Liver
Which one of the following diseases is not transmitted via water contaminated with sewage?
Malaria
chapter 4 : Which one of the following is not an example of resource partitioning?
Male songbirds sing to defend their territory during the nesting season
chapter 11 Which of the following are two of the negative aspects of no-till agriculture?
May increase the effects of pests that remain in crop residues and requires use of herbicides
chapter 18 Which one of the following mechanisms is expected to cause temperatures during the 21st century to rise more at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere than at high latitudes in the southern hemisphere?
Melting of the ice floating on the Arctic Ocean
chapter 18 As climate change progresses, which one of the following events is expected to occur first?
Melting of the ice on the Arctic Ocean
In the United States, the industry responsible for the release of the greatest amount of toxic chemicals per year is
Metal mining
chapter 18 The glacial-interglacial cycles that have taken place during the current ice age are believed to be caused by oscillations in the characteristics of Earth's rotation about its rotational axis and in its orbit around the Sun. These cyclic oscillations are called
Milankovitch cycles
chapter 3 : Which one of the following nations has the greatest abundance of phosphate rock?
Morocco
chapter 3 Which one of the following nations has the greatest abundance of phosphate rock?
Morocco
Ozone concentrations accumulate in air if volatile organic carbon compounds react with which one of the following?
NO
chapter 19 Emissions of which one of the following gases as a result of fossil fuel burning leads to the production of ozone in the troposphere?
NO
Which one of the following gases is primarily responsible for the brownish color of photochemical smog?
NO2
chapter 14 The top three primary sources of energy in the United States are
Natural gas, coal, and oil
The two states that export the greatest amounts of municipal solid waste to other states are
New Jersey and New York
chapter 17 The substance in cigarette smoke that is addictive is _________________.
Nicotine
The two acids primarily responsible for the high acidity of acid rain are ______________.
Nitric acid and sulfuric acid
Which one of the following gases is believed to have no ozone-depleting potential?
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
The largest "garbage patch" of plastic waste in the ocean is found in the
North Pacific
chapter 21 The largest 'garbage patch' of plastic waste in the ocean is found in the
North Pacific
chapter 11 In a soil profile, the order of horizons from top to bottom is
O, A, E, B, C
In Japan, the majority of rice farming is done by people who are ____________ years old.
Older than 60
chapter 21 A plastic container with a code of 2 (high-density polyethylene) may be combined for recycling purposes with which one the following?
Only plastic with a code of 2
Which one of the following air pollutants is not a primary pollutant?
Ozone
A:The high concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in wildlife and humans living in the Arctic are not associated with which one of the following?
POPs are very soluble in water
Which one of the following is not in part responsible for the high concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in wildlife and humans living in the Arctic?
POPs are very soluble in water
The single largest component of municipal solid waste in the United States is
Paper and paperboard
chapter 21 Which of the following are recycled to the greatest extent in the United States?
Paper/paperboard and lead-acid batteries
In the United States, emissions of which one of the following air pollutants has declined by 99% since 1970?
Pb / lead
chapter 17 Between 1973 and 1979 the average level of lead in the blood of people in the United States dropped from roughly 16 micrograms per deciliter to less than 10 micrograms per deciliter. Which one of the following was the principal reason for this decline?
Phaseout of leaded gasoline
chapter 15 Which one of the following fissionable isotopes is produced in a breeder reactor?
Plutonium-239
chapter 12 The three crops that account for the greatest areas of farmland devoted to the production of genetically modified (GM) crops do not include which one of the following?
Population momentum
chapter 8 : The fertility rate in Burkino Faso has exceeded the replacement rate for many years and is currently about 5.3. if the fertility rate were to suddenly drop to the replacement rate, why would the population of Burkino Faso continue to increase?
Population momentum
chapter 23 The 50 most populous cities in the United States have been ranked for sustainability based on transit ridership, street congestion, air and water quality, green building, local food and agriculture, energy and climate change, and green economy. The city with the highest ranking is
Portland, Oregon
chapter 14 Energy policies can be broadly classified as supply-side policies that increase the use of fossil fuels and demand-side policies that lower the use of fossil fuels. Which one of the following is not a demand-side policy intended to lower the use of fossil fuels?
Provide economic incentives to electric power companies to build integrated gasification combined cycle power plants
chapter 14: energy policies can be broadly classified as supply-side policies that increase the use of fossil fuels and demand-side policies that lower the use of fossil fuels. Which one of the following is not a demand-side policy intended to lower the use of fossil fuels?
Provide economic incentives to electric power companies to build integrated gasification combined cycle power plants
chapter 4 : Which one of the following statements is true?
R-strategists have high biotic potential and poor recruitment most of the time
chapter 22 Your neighbor, who owns a vacant lot, is allowing people to dispose of items such as old refrigerators, broken-down cars, and discarded batteries in his lot. Your neighbor has no license to operate a solid waste disposal facility. He could be prosecuted under which one of the following pieces of federal legislation?
RCRA
chapter 10 Which one of the following is not an example of blue water?
Rainwater taken up by plants
Which one of the following is an example of pollution prevention rather than pollution control?
Recycling aluminum cans
chapter 4 : Which one of the following is not an example of a keystone species?
Reindeer
chapter 16 The two forms of renewable energy that have the drawback that they unintentionally kill birds are
Solar towers and wind turbines
A:Global warming during the 21st century is expected to
Speed up the hydrologic cycle and slow the thermohaline circulation of the ocean
chapter 10 Global warming during the 21st century is expected to
Speed up the hydrologic cycle and slow the thermohaline circulation of the ocean
chapter 18 Global warming during the 21st century is expected to
Speed up the hydrologic cycle and the thermohaline circulation of the ocean Speed up the hydrologic cycle and slow the thermohaline circulation of the ocean Slow the hydrologic cycle and speed up the thermohaline circulation of the ocean Slow the hydrologic cycle and the thermohaline circulation of the ocean
Which one of the following has been primarily responsible for the regulation of nitrogen oxide emissions from power plants in the United States?
Switch from coal to natural gas by many utilities
chapter 4 : Amensalism is an example of
Symbiosis
Production and/or use of the so-called "dirty dozen" toxic substances was banned or greatly restricted as a result of
The 2004 Stockholm Convention
chapter 22 Production and/or use of the so-called 'dirty dozen' toxic substances was banned or greatly restricted as a result of
The 2004 Stockholm Convention
chapter 6 : Which one of the following international agreements assures that wealthy nations cannot mine the genetic resources of other countries and then patent products that indigenous people have used for millennia?
The Convention on Biological Diversity
The international agreement that led to the phaseout of chlorofluorocarbon production was
The Montreal Protocol
chapter 10 Which one of the following contains the most liquid freshwater?
aquifers
chapter 20 If the BOD of raw sewage is 200 ppm, by how much would that water have to be diluted to prevent the oxygen in a stream from dropping from 10 ppm to less than 2 ppm?
at least a factor of 25
Global dimming is a phenomenon attributable to which one of the following?
atmospheric brown clouds
chapter 19 Global dimming is a phenomenon attributable to which one of the following?
atmospheric brown clouds
chapter 7 : Overfishing for which one of the following fish on the Grand Banks and Georges Bank resulted in the collapse of the fisheries during the period from 1980 to 2000?
cod
chapter 15 Which one of the following is not one of the purposes of pumping water through the core of a nuclear reactor fueled with uranium-235?
control the rate of the chain reaction
chapter 23 In Japan, the majority of rice farming is done by people who are ____________ years old.
older than 60
chapter 15 A uranium-235 fueled nuclear power plant emits about ___________ as much radioactivity as a coal-burning power plant that produces the same amount of electricity.
one percent
chapter 15 A uranium-235 fueled nuclear power plant emits about ________________ as much radioactivity as a coal-burning power plant that produces the same amount of electricity
one percent
Which of the following kinds of property rights are associated with the Tragedy of the Commons?
open access
chapter 7 : Which of the following kinds of property rights are associated with the Tragedy of the Commons?
open access
chapter 13 Which one of the following kinds of pesticides is responsible for most pesticide poisonings of humans?
organophosphates
chapter 11 What is the principal reason that western rangelands in the United States produce less than half the livestock forage that they did in the early 19th century?
overgrazing
chapter 11 Which one of the following soils would you expect to find in a tropical rain forest?
oxisol
chapter 21 The single largest component of municipal solid waste in the United States is
paper and paperboard
Between 1973 and 1979 the average level of lead in the blood of people in the United States dropped from roughly 16 micrograms per deciliter to less than 10 micrograms per deciliter. Which one of the following was the principal reason for this decline?
phaseout of leaded gasoline
chapter 5 : Which of the following are autotrophic organisms?
plants and chemosynthetic bacteria
A:Terrestrial biomes are groups of ecosystems characterized by similar types of
plants and climate
chapter 15 Which one of the following fissionable isotopes is produced in a breeder reactor?
plutonium-239
chapter 15 Which one of the following is the greatest source of exposure to radiation for people in the United States?
radon gas in average house
chapter 7 : Climate moderation is an example of which one of the following kinds of ecosystem services?
regulating
chapter 12 A Bt crop is a genetically modified crop that is
resistant to many insect pests
chapter 12 The three crops that account for the greatest areas of farmland devoted to the production of genetically modified (GM) crops do not include which one of the following?
rice
chapter 6 : The three crops that account for about 50% of global food demands are
rice, wheat, and corn
chapter 13 Which one of the following insect pests has been eliminated from the United States by release of sterile males?
screwworm flies
A:In a nuclear power plant fueled with uranium-235, what is the purpose of the moderator?
slow neutrons
chapter 15 In a nuclear power plant fueled with uranium-235, what is the purpose of the moderator?
slow neutrons
chapter 17 Which one of the following human diseases has been eradicated through immunization by administration of a vaccine?
smallpox
In EPA's waste management hierarchy, which one of the following is given the highest priority?
source reduction and reuse
chapter 21 In EPA's waste management hierarchy, which one of the following is given the highest priority?
source reduction and reuse
chapter 16 Biodiesel is a fuel made from a mixture of normal diesel fuel and oil from
soybeans
chapter 8 : The Neolithic Revolution began in
the Middle East about 12,000 years ago
Which one of the following is not one of the three main trophic categories?
transformer
chapter 5 : Which one of the following is not one of the three main trophic categories?
transformer
The cost/benefit ratio associated with the implementation of environmental regulations
decreases with time
chapter 2 : The cost/benefit ratio associated with the implementation of environmental regulations
decreases with time
Which one of the following non-sustainable practices of the Easter Islanders led to their downfall?
deforestation
chapter 1 : Which one of the following non-sustainable practices of the Easter Islanders led to their downfall?
deforestation
In the United States today, the principal use of mercury is
dental fillings
chapter 6 : In the United States today, the principal use of mercury is
dental fillings
Which one of the following is not a primary source of energy?
electricity
chapter 14 Which one of the following is not a primary source of energy?
electricity
chapter 10 Roughly 99% of crop irrigation globally is done by
flood irrigation and center pivot methods
chapter 5 : Which of the following types of organisms are both consumers?
herbivores and carnivores
chapter 21 In which one of the following types of countries does organic waste (e.g., yard and food waste) not account for more than 50% of the composition of municipal solid waste?
high-income
chapter 17- morality
incidence of death in a population
chapter 17- morbidity
incidence of disease in a population
chapter 10: which one of the following is a consumptive use of water?
irrigating crops
chapter 19 In the United States, emissions of which one of the following air pollutants has declined by 99% since 1970?
lead
chapter 12 Irrigated acreage currently accounts for
less than half of all cropland and produces less than half of the world's food
chapter 3 : Which one of the following accounts for the fact that the abundance of mangroves along the Louisiana coast has increased dramatically in the last 20 years?
warmer winters
A:Which one of the following gases accounts for the greatest percentage of the greenhouse effect globally?
water vapor
Which one of the following species is currently protected under the auspices of the U.S. Endangered Species Act?
whooping crane
Pangaea began to break up about 225 million years ago. If the Atlantic Ocean is now about 4500 kilometers wide, how fast has the width of the Atlantic Ocean been increasing during the last 225 million years
2 centimeters per year
chapter 4 : Pangaea began to break up about 225 million years ago. If the Atlantic Ocean is now about 4500 kilometers wide, how fast has the width of the Atlantic Ocean been increasing during the last 225 million years
2 centimeters per year
chapter 4: Pangaea began to break up about 225 million years ago. If the Atlantic Ocean is now about 4500 kilometers wide, how fast has the width of the Atlantic Ocean been increasing during the last 225 million years
2 centimeters per year
chapter 17 The percentage of adults in the United States who smoke is ________, and the percentage of total deaths each year in the United States due to cancer is __________ .
20% and 23%
What percentage of municipal solid waste in the United States is recycled?
20-29%
chapter 17 What percentage of the people living in India lack access to toilets?
25%
chapter 8 : In hypothetical country A, everyone dies when they reach the age of 60. In hypothetical country B, which has a better health care system, everyone dies when they reach the age of 75. If the total population of both countries is stable, what percentage of the total population would you expect to be in the age group 32-46 years inclusive?
25% in country A and 20% in country B
chapter 22 Suppose that a potentially toxic substance was added to the feed of experimental mice. Which one of the following scenarios would be associated with the largest dose of the toxic substance?
3 mg/kg for 20 days
Suppose that a potentially toxic substance was added to the feed of experimental mice. Which one of the following scenarios would be associated with the largest dose of the toxic substance?
3 mg/kg in feed for 20 days
A: The amount of biomass on successive trophic levels is a food chain that forms a pyramid in which the biomass on trophic level N+1 is only 25% of the biomass on trophic level N. If pesticide P is transferred from one trophic level to the next with 100% efficiency, what will be the concentration of P on trophic level 5 if the concentration of P on trophic level 2 is 5 parts per million (ppm)?
320 ppm
A:The amount of biomass on successive trophic levels in a food chain forms a pyramid in which the biomass on trophic level N+1 is only 25% of the biomass on trophic level N. If pesticide P is transferred from one trophic level to the next with 100% efficiency, what will be the concentration of P on trophic level 5 if the concentration of P on trophic level 2 is 5 parts per million (ppm)?
320 ppm
chapter 18 The greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere make the average temperature at the surface of Earth about _________ degrees Celsius warmer than it would be in the absence of greenhouse gases.
33
chapter 8 : Which one of the following statements is true?
A. The epidemiologic transition has preceded the fertility transition
The average depth of a lake is 6 meters. Which one of the following would you expect to increase as a result of eutrophication?
Abundance of phytoplankton
chapter 18 In which one of the following parts of the United States is the impact of climate change caused by global warming expected to be the greatest?
Alaska
chapter 22 The state that releases by far the greatest quantity of toxic substances into the environment each year is
Alaska
chapter 17 Which one of the following is among the 10 leading risk factors as a percentage of the causes of disease burden in high income, intermediate-income, and low-income countries?
Alcohol consumption
chapter 18 Which one of the following legislative acts has resulted in the investment of $43 billion in support of renewable energy and energy efficiency programs in the United States?
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
Reduced tree growth in the United States caused by acid precipitation during the 1980s was associated with
An increase of aluminum concentrations and decrease of calcium concentrations in soil
Which one of the following is an example of gentrification?
An influx of middle-class people displaces poor residents from a formerly deteriorating neighborhood where homes and businesses were repaired and rebuilt
chapter 23 Which one of the following is the most sprawling metropolitan region in the United States?
An influx of middle-class people displaces poor residents from a formerly deteriorating neighborhood where homes and businesses were repaired and rebuilt
If the BOD of raw sewage is 200 ppm, by how much would that water have to be diluted to prevent the oxygen in a stream from dropping from 10 ppm to less than 2 ppm
At least 25 OR at least a factor of 25
chapter 20 Which one of the following processes is used at a wastewater treatment plant to remove nitrogen from the wastewater?
Denitrification
The environmental problems associated with disposal of chemical wastes at Love Canal resulted from which one of the following?
Disposal of wastes in a dump
The city of Curitiba was able to eliminate virtually all of the flooding of homes in low-elevations sectors of the city by ________
Relocating residents and turning the floodplains into parks Hardening the storm sewer system so that rainwater that entered the storm sewers was rapidly routed downstream of the city Building a system of underflow tunnels into which stormwater was routed and then subsequently treated and recycled to irrigate parks Straightening the previously meandering streams so that runoff water that entered the streams did not back up.
chapter 9 : Which one of the following accounted for the greatest amount of U.S economic contributions to developing countries in 2010-2011?
Remittances
chapter 7 : Deterioration of which of the following ecosystems has been attributed in part to extensive changes of the inputs of water to or withdrawals of water from the system?
Rio Grande River and Florida Everglades
Which one of the following is the most sprawling metropolitan region in the United States?
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA
Deterioration of which of the following ecosystems has been attributed in part to extensive changes of the inputs of water to or withdrawals of water from the system?
Ro Grande River and Florida Everglades
The percentage of acidified lakes in New England, the Adirondacks, and the Northern Appalachian Plateau has declined during the last 20 years because of reductions of emissions of
SO2 and NOX
chapter 17 Which one of the following diseases is not transmitted by the bite of a mosquito?
Salmonellosis
chapter 17 which one of the following diseases is not transmitted by the bite of a mosquito?
Salmonellosis
Which one of the following is an example of an ecotone?
Salt marsh
A:Which one of the following is not one of the vital concepts that move societies toward a sustainable future?
Security
Which one of the following is not one of the vital concepts that move societies toward a sustainable future?
Security
chapter 7 : Which of the following is the environmentally preferred form of silviculture?
Shelter-wood cutting and selective cutting
chapter 8 : Which one of the following statements is not true?
Since 1960, the percentage of people living in high-income countries has increased.
chapter 17 The lifestyle-related activity/problem that causes the greatest number of deaths every year in the United States is ___________________.
Smoking
Why did the idea of using bus tokens to pay people from favelas for bringing in trash to a central location cost the city of Curitiba nothing?
The buses belonged to the city of Curitiba The bus companies were paid based on how far the buses traveled The City saved money by not having to pick up the trash The City was able to recycle and sell much of the trash that was turned in
chapter 9 : Which one of the following statements describes what happens when countries pass through the fertility transition?
The dependency ratio decreases and then increases
A:Which one of the following statements is true?
The epidemiologic transition has preceded the fertility transition
chapter 1 : The 1854 cholera outbreak near Broad Street in London came to an end when
The handle was removed from the Broad Street pump
chapter 18 What line of reasoning suggests that most of the increase of carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere has been caused by burning fossil fuels?
The increase has been shown to be due to fossil fuel carbon because the ratio of carbon-13 to carbon-12 in fossil fuels is different from the carbon-13 to carbon-12 ratio of the carbon naturally present in atmospheric carbon dioxide
C 9 : Which one of the following statements is not true about the Grameen Bank?
The loans have been found to have the greatest social benefits when focused on men
chapter 1 : Over the past 40 years, human well-being has been steadily improving, while natural ecosystems, from which we derive many goods and services, have been declining. Which one of the following does not help to explain this so-called environmentalist's paradox?
The measurements of human well-being have been flawed; it is actually declining
chapter 9 : Cabbages and Condoms is
The name of a restaurant chain in Thailand
chapter 9: Cabbages and Condoms is
The name of a restaurant chain in Thailand
chapter 13 Which of the following statements correctly characterizes the results of using pesticides in agriculture globally?
The quantity of crops lost to pests has increased and the percentage of crops lost to pests has increased
Which one of the following scenarios would be characterized as a brownfield?
The site of a former service station is abandoned because the underground fuel tanks below the site were found to have developed leaks
chapter 1 : Which one of the following statements is not one of the four basic assumptions of the scientific method?
The total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time Feedback
chapter 18 Further increases of carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere are expected to warm temperatures more at high latitudes than at low latitudes because
There is less water vapor in the atmosphere at high latitudes than at low latitudes
In the United States, eutrophication problems associated with nonpoint source pollution are corrected through enforcement of ___________________ .
Total Maximum Daily Load criteria
chapter 20 In the United States, eutrophication problems associated with nonpoint source pollution are corrected through enforcement of ___________________.
Total maximum daily load criteria
Which one of the following pieces of environmental legislation has proven to be the least effective in accomplishing what it was intended to do with respect to hazardous chemicals?
Toxic Substances Control Act
chapter 16 The two countries that account for the greatest amount of ethanol production as a fuel are
USA and Brazil
Which one of the following countries has the highest fertility rate?
United States
Which one of the following nations accounts for the greatest consumption of bottled water?
United States
chapter 1 : Which one of the following countries has the highest fertility rate?
United States
chapter 12 Which one of the following countries has the largest area of arable land?
United States
chapter 23 How was the city of Curitiba able to minimize the cost of keeping the grass trimmed in its greatly expanded system of municipal parks?
Using bus tokens to pay people from favelas to cut the grass Seeding the parks with a species of dwarf grass that required very little maintenance Using sheep to eat the grass Using inmates from nearby low-security prisons to cut the grass
chapter 18 Which one of the following gases accounts for the greatest percentage of the greenhouse effect globally?
Water vapor
chapter 18 At which one of the following places is bottom water formed in the ocean?
Weddell Sea off the coast of Antarctica
chapter 18 At which one of the following places is bottom water formed in the ocean?
Weddell Sea off the coast of Antartica
chapter 16 The forms of renewable energy that currently account for the greatest amount of electricity production in the world are
Wind and hydroelectric
chapter 15 The site recommended by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for long-term disposal of radioactive waste from the nuclear power industry in the United States is
Yucca Mountain, Nevada
chapter 20 The average depth of a lake is 6 meters. Which one of the following would you expect to increase as a result of eutrophication?
abundance of phytoplankton
Which one of the following is not an example of a species that has become invasive?
buffalo
chapter 6 : Which one of the following is not an example of a species that has become invasive?
buffalo
chapter 16 Geothermal heat pumps
can be used to heat and cool buildings
chapter 3 : A bag of fertilizer is labeled 12-20-15. This label tells you that the percentage of organic matter in the fertilizer is
cannot tell
Which of the following types of organisms are both consumers?
chemosynthetic bacteria and plants
Rosy periwinkles produce two compounds that have been used to treat
childhood leukemia
chapter 1 : Rosy periwinkles produce two compounds that have been used to treat
childhood leukemia
chapter 22 In the United States, the industry responsible for the release of the greatest amount of toxic chemicals per year is
metal mining
A: the principal gas in the biogas produced in a landfill is
methane
A:The principal gas in the biogas produced in a landfill is
methane
chapter 11 Which one of the following is the best soil for agriculture?
mollisol
chapter 17 What percentage of the people living in India lack access to toilets?
more than 50%
chapter 14 Most electric power plants built in the United States since 2000 use which one of the following sources of energy?
natural gas
chapter 14 Which one of the following sources of energy is not used by electric power plants that generate electricity by boiling water?
natural gas
chapter 16 Electricity produced by which one of the following is not an example of green power?
natural gas
chapter 3 : Nitrogen-fixing organisms convert which one of the following forms of nitrogen into a form that can be used by all photosynthetic organisms?
nitrogen gas (N2)
chapter 10 : If Earth rotated in the opposite direction, the Trade Winds in the northern hemisphere would blow from the
northwest
In regions where various types of vegetation coexist and compete, periodic fires do not tip the balance in favor of
oak trees
chapter 5 : In regions where various types of vegetation coexist and compete, periodic fires do not tip the balance in favor of
oak trees
chapter 14 The United States has extensive deposits of ________________ in Colorado, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming that, if exploited, could yield the equivalent of an estimated 800 billion barrels of oil.
oil shale
