The Family: Chapter 2 the Family in History

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Fourth Historical Trend

Families have become more diverse in recent decades

Increasing freedom for young adults

Contributed to the decline of "courtship" in the process of mate selection

Patriarchal

A family system where power is wielded by men within the family

Matriarchal

A family system where power is wielded by women within the family

Patrilineal

A family system where wealth and power are transmitted from fathers to their sons

Matrilineal

A family system where wealth and power are transmitted from mothers to daughters

Matrilocal

A living arrangement in which a young couple lives in or near the wife's family home

Patrilocal

A living arrangement in which a young married couple lives in or near the husband's family home

Polygamy

A marriage in which one person has several spouses

Dating

The mate selection process in which young adults spend time with a variety of partners before making a long-term commitment

Companionship Family

The modern family 1900-1960's An ideal type of family characterized by the mutual affection, equality, and comradeship of its members

Stem family

the household is formed by one grown child remaining in the family with his or her parents

Third Historical Trend

Family members perform fewer functional tasks at home

Marriage: Unequal Companions

Companionate Marriage. Dating Family wage Children and Families: From Bust to Boom

Family and Market: Men and Women, Separate and Together

Separate Spheres

Separate Spheres

The cultural doctrine under which women were to work at home, to make a sanctuary from the industrial world in which their husbands worked for pay

Monogamy

The marriage of one person to one other person

Baby Boom

The period of high birth rates in the US between 1946-1964

No Families

Widows and Orphans

Conventure

a legal doctrine that lasted until the late 19th century, under which wives were incorporated into their husbands' citizenship

Individualism

a rising attitude that represents the decline of the name "Mary" in the US

men at work and women at home

separated under the ideology of "separate spheres"

Family Wage

the amount necessary for a male earner to provide subsistence for his wife and children without their having to work for pay

Patriarchy

the system of men's control over property and fathers' authority over all family members

Marriage: Out with the Old

Modern Relationship, Modern Identities Independence

Family and State

Monogamous Morality

First Historical Trend

Most people today live much loner than in the past

Colonial America (before 1820) African Americans

American Indians: The family as social structure colonial Americans: "So chosen, he is her lord" Children and families: more work and less play African Americans: Families Enslaved

Nuclear Family

A married, monogamous couple living with their own (usually biological) children and no extended family members

Conjugal Family

A nuclear family that is also functionally independent of extended family members

Companionate Marraige

A view of marriage as a companionship, a friendship, and a romance, rather than as a practical platform for cooperation and survival

Families Apart

African Americans, Asian Americans, and Mexican Americans

Heterogamy

Marriage between a man and a woman

Homogamy

Marriage between two people of the same sex

The Emerging Modern Family (1820-1900)

Marriage: New Ideals, New Traditions Children and Families: Fewer and More Tender Institutional Arenas

New Family Diversity (1960's-Present)

Marriage: Out with the old Children and Families: Emotional Bonds What's in a Name?

Second Historical Trend

People have fewer children

Extended Families

family households in which relatives beyond parents and children live together

Courtship

the mate selection process in which couples begin in a relationship with supervised contact in public, then proceed to additional dates in the woman's home and then, if the parents approve, to marriage


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