The Family: Chapter 2 the Family in History
Fourth Historical Trend
Families have become more diverse in recent decades
Increasing freedom for young adults
Contributed to the decline of "courtship" in the process of mate selection
Patriarchal
A family system where power is wielded by men within the family
Matriarchal
A family system where power is wielded by women within the family
Patrilineal
A family system where wealth and power are transmitted from fathers to their sons
Matrilineal
A family system where wealth and power are transmitted from mothers to daughters
Matrilocal
A living arrangement in which a young couple lives in or near the wife's family home
Patrilocal
A living arrangement in which a young married couple lives in or near the husband's family home
Polygamy
A marriage in which one person has several spouses
Dating
The mate selection process in which young adults spend time with a variety of partners before making a long-term commitment
Companionship Family
The modern family 1900-1960's An ideal type of family characterized by the mutual affection, equality, and comradeship of its members
Stem family
the household is formed by one grown child remaining in the family with his or her parents
Third Historical Trend
Family members perform fewer functional tasks at home
Marriage: Unequal Companions
Companionate Marriage. Dating Family wage Children and Families: From Bust to Boom
Family and Market: Men and Women, Separate and Together
Separate Spheres
Separate Spheres
The cultural doctrine under which women were to work at home, to make a sanctuary from the industrial world in which their husbands worked for pay
Monogamy
The marriage of one person to one other person
Baby Boom
The period of high birth rates in the US between 1946-1964
No Families
Widows and Orphans
Conventure
a legal doctrine that lasted until the late 19th century, under which wives were incorporated into their husbands' citizenship
Individualism
a rising attitude that represents the decline of the name "Mary" in the US
men at work and women at home
separated under the ideology of "separate spheres"
Family Wage
the amount necessary for a male earner to provide subsistence for his wife and children without their having to work for pay
Patriarchy
the system of men's control over property and fathers' authority over all family members
Marriage: Out with the Old
Modern Relationship, Modern Identities Independence
Family and State
Monogamous Morality
First Historical Trend
Most people today live much loner than in the past
Colonial America (before 1820) African Americans
American Indians: The family as social structure colonial Americans: "So chosen, he is her lord" Children and families: more work and less play African Americans: Families Enslaved
Nuclear Family
A married, monogamous couple living with their own (usually biological) children and no extended family members
Conjugal Family
A nuclear family that is also functionally independent of extended family members
Companionate Marraige
A view of marriage as a companionship, a friendship, and a romance, rather than as a practical platform for cooperation and survival
Families Apart
African Americans, Asian Americans, and Mexican Americans
Heterogamy
Marriage between a man and a woman
Homogamy
Marriage between two people of the same sex
The Emerging Modern Family (1820-1900)
Marriage: New Ideals, New Traditions Children and Families: Fewer and More Tender Institutional Arenas
New Family Diversity (1960's-Present)
Marriage: Out with the old Children and Families: Emotional Bonds What's in a Name?
Second Historical Trend
People have fewer children
Extended Families
family households in which relatives beyond parents and children live together
Courtship
the mate selection process in which couples begin in a relationship with supervised contact in public, then proceed to additional dates in the woman's home and then, if the parents approve, to marriage
