The First Presidency
What were problems that arose with Europe?
- 1789: France Revolution began - 1793: Revoltion turned very violent and public opinion was divided - 1793: Britain and France went to war - Americans took neither side to avoid another war
(Challenges in the West) What happened with the Native Americans?
- 1791: St. Clair's army fought against Native Americans and 600 soldiers were killed - 1794: British urged the Native Americans to destroy American settlements - August 1794: Waynes army defeated 1,000 Native Americans
What were challenges in the west?
- Europeans had intrest in the northwest territory - Signed treaties with Native Americans which settlers ignored
Who supported federalists?
- Merchants and manufactures - Northern cities
Federalists: Economic policy
- Modle Britain - Encourage manufacturing and trade
What were reactions of the three federalist acts?
- Oppostition to the Federalist party grew significantly - Inspired a movement for states to overturn federal laws
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
- Secretly written by Jefferson and Madison - Stated that the alien and Sedition acts violated the Constiutiton - Argued that states to hullify, or legally overturn, laws that they thought were unconstitutional
What was Hamilton's economic plan?
- Take over the states debts - establish a Bank of the United States to handle the government's money matters - Levy taxes on imports
What were results of the three fedralist acts?
- convicted 10 Democratic-Republicans newspaper editors who criticized the government - Discouraged immagration, and some immagrants left the country
When did Congress pass a tax on whiskey?
1791
Democratic Republicans: What was the economic policy?
Agriculture
Who was the Secretary of Treasury (during the first presidency)
Alexander Hamilton
The Alien Act
Allowed the President to impriso aliens (foreiners) and to send those considered dangerous out of the country
What is a farewell address?
Before the President leaves office, he gives a farewell address to important members of the government and to give advice
Federalists: Britain or France
Close ties with Britain
Democratic Republicans: Who did they think should have power in society?
Common people
When did George Washington die?
December 14, 1799
Precedent
Examples to be followed later
Democratic Republicans: Britain or France?
Favored France
When was George Washington born?
February 22, 1732
Who was the first President?
George Washington
Cabinet
Group of advisors
Who was the leader of the Federalist party?
Hamilton
Why is a cabinet so important to the President?
He needed help running the government because he busy
How did Edmond Genet anger Washington?
He persuaded Americans to raid British ships after Washinton said not to several times
How did Washington's selection of the Cabinet demonstrate his feeling that Americans of different georgraphic backgrounds should feel part of the government?
He picked people from the North and South to be part of the government - The North and South started having conflicts at this point
What did Washington do about the Whiskey Rebellion?
He sent federal troops to the scene and pardoned the leaders because he wanted order in the country, not punishment
Why did Hamilton want debts to be paid off?
He wanted respect from other nations
Why was Washington concerned about setting good precedents?
He wanted to set example for future presidents
Who did the Federalists nominate for the Election of 1796?
John Adams
Who was the first vice president?
John Adams
Who won the election of 1796? With how many votes?
John Adams with 71 votes
Jay's Treaty
John Jay was sent to Britian to negotiate about the Western lands they were intrested in
What happened during the Whiskey Rebellion?
July 1794 - armed mob attacked tax collectors
Federalists: Interperting the Constitution?
Loose interpetation
The Sedition Act
Made it a crime to speak, or publish "false, scandalous, or malicious" critisisms of the government
What was the Treaty of Greenviel (1795)
Native Americans surrendered Ohio to the United States
Who was Edmond Genet?
New French minister
Who was upset by the tax on whiskey?
Pennslyvania farmers
What three things did Washington warn the nation about? Did we listen?
Political parties, money, foriegn countries - No we did not listen
The Naturalization Act
Required that aliens be residents for 14 years instead of 5 years before they became eligible fto be a U.S. citizen
Democratic Republicans: Fedral government vs. State government
Small Federal Government and a stronger State Government
Democratic Republicans: Who supported the democratic-republicans?
Small farmers artisans and wealthy planters - Souther cities
How did Washington respond to the war between England and France?
Stayed eutral although both sides wanted the United States to help them
Democratic Republicans: Interperting the Constitution
Strict interpetation
What happened in France after George Washington became President?
The French Revolution broke out against their king
How did Washington struggle to stay neutral and how?
The French tried to draw the United States into their conflicts - Washingtons issued Proclamation of Neutrality that prohibied Americans from fighting in the war
What were the three Federalists acts?
The Sedition Act, the Alien Act and the Naturalizaiton Act
What was the agreement Hamilton made for the acceptance of his economic plan?
The capital would be moved from New York City to Philadelphia - At this point Philadelphia was part of the south
Fedralists: Who should have the power in society?
The wealthy and educated
Why was the United States so heavily in debt?
They borrowed money during the war and owed money to other countries
Federalist: Federal government vs. state government
They wanted a strong Federal Government
What were the British doing to American sailors during the French revolution?
They were trying to persuade Americans to join their navy or be sent to prison
Democratic Republicans: Who was the leader?
Thomas Jefferson
Who became vice president after the election of 1796?
Thomas Jefferson
Who did the Democratic-Republicans nominate for the Election of 1796?
Thomas Jefferson
Who was the Secretary of State (during the first presidency)
Thomas Jefferson
What did France do to the United States and what did Federalists do about it?
Tried to separate the people from the government by spreading rumors to the people
How was George Washington elected to be the first President?
Unanimous vote (69)