The Heart

Describe the fetal heart's developmental stages.

Around nine to ten weeks of pregnancy, the heart is already fully formed. Primitive Heart Tube, Two and Three Chambered Heart, and Four Chambered Heart

Describe the Two and Three Chambered Heart

By the end of week eight of embryonic development, or week ten of pregnancy, the heart has formed, with two atria and two ventricles and two great blood vessels to carry the blood from the heart, the aorta and pulmonary artery.

Describe the Four Chambered Heart

By the end of week eight of embryonic developmentthe heart has formed, with two atria and two ventricles and two great blood vessels to carry the blood from the heart, the aorta and pulmonary artery.

Describe the pericardium's function

Maintains the heart in its adequate cardiac position, separates from the surrounding tissues of the mediastinum, protects against ventricular dilatation, maintains a low transmural pressure, facilitates ventricular interdependence and atrial filling.

Describe the pulmonary arteries and their function.

Pulmonary artery is one of the two vessels branching from the pulmonary trunk is an integral part of the whole heart anatomy and is the vessel that transports de-oxygenated blood to the lungs coming from the right ventricles.

What regulates the rhythm of a heart beat?

Sinus node

Name 4 risk factors for heart disease.

Tends to be more common in males Older age Family history of heart disease Post-menopausal Obesity Race

What are the sections of the aorta?

The aorta is divided in seven sections: Aortic valve Aortic Root Ascending aorta Aortic arch Descending thoracic aorta Abdominal aorta Thoracoabdominal aorta

What is the function of the aorta?

The aorta is the largest vessel in the body. It transports oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to every organ. The aorta starts in the heart with the aortic valve; immediately adjacent is the aortic root, followed by the ascending aorta, the transverse aorta (the aortic arch), the descending aorta, and the thoracoabdominal aorta. The aorta ends in the abdomen after bifurcation (to divide or fork into two branches) of the abdominal aorta in the two common iliac arteries.

Describe the Primitive Heart Tube

The developing heart, nothing more than a tube, consists of three layers and three areas, the cranial, caudal and bulbis cordis, develop into different parts of the aorta and the ventricles. The layers, the cardiac jelly and cardiac mantle layers, of which there are two, will differentiate into the myometrium and epicardium of the heart.

Describe the left ventricle and its function

The left lower chamber of the heart Pumps oxygenated blood to tissues all over the body

Describe the pericardium.

The pericardium is the fluid filled sac that surrounds the heart and the proximal ends of the aorta , vena cava , and the pulmonary artery. The pericardium's outer coat is tough and thickened, loosely cloaks the heart, and is attached to the central part of the diaphragm and the back of the breast bone. Its inner coat closely adherent to the heart and the other lining the inner surface of the outer coat

Describe the right atrium and its function.

The right upper chamber of the heart. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava and pumps it into the right ventricle which then sends it to the lungs to be oxygenated.

Describe the right ventricle and its function

The right ventricle is the lower right portion of the heart below the right atrium and opposite the left ventricle. Pumps the blood up through the pulmonary valve

What is the purpose of the superior and inferior vena cava?

The superior vena cava carries the blood from the head, neck, and arms to the heart The inferior vena cava returns blood to the heart from the lower part of the body.

Where is the tricuspid valve located? What is its function?

The tricuspid valve forms the boundary between the right ventricle and right atrium. Blood collects into the right atrium, and it must flow through the tricuspid valve before entering the right ventricle. Then, blood exits through the pulmonary artery. Keeps blood from the right ventricle from flowing back to the right atrium

What is arteriosclerosis

a disease in which plaque (plak) builds up inside your arteries.

What are three types of exercise needed for a healthy heart? Describe each

cardio, arobics and

Describe what happens in a myocardial infraction

commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when a portion of the heart is deprived of oxygen due to blockage of a coronary artery.

Describe a heart healthy diet

omega 3, fruits, vegetables, low sodium, whole grains, and other high-fiber foods

Describe the ventricular systole

the contraction of the heart ventricles

What is the size of the human heart?

the heart is the size of a large fist

What is the purpose of a cardiovascular system

to transport oxygen to all of the tissues in the body and remove, from these same tissues, metabolic waste products.