The Immune System
Which of the following statements is true?
Adaptive defenses include both humoral and cellular immunity. Submit
Which of the following types of cells display protein fragments produced by the cancer within them?
All nucleated cells
What is meant by the clonal expansion of a B cell?
An activated B cell divides into cells that give rise to memory B cells and plasma cells.
Which pair of molecules do NOT directly interact with one another?
BCR and TCR
Class I MHC proteins are recognized by which of the following cell types (that are destined to become T cells)?
CD8
Which major class of lymphocytes become cytotoxic T cells?
CD8 cells
A person who has AIDS contracts rare and often life-threatening infections because their helper T cell count is so low. Which of the following components of the immune response still respond to antigen despite the low helper T cell count?
Clonal selection of B cells
Which of the following is not true about the cytotoxic T cell response?
Cytotoxic T cells are activated when their surface antibody binds to an antigen.
Place the following steps of phagocytosis in the order that they occur:
Dendritic cell engulfs Rhinovirus1 Endosome fuses with lysozome, Digestion of the Rhinovirus, Epitopes are attached to MHC-II, MHC-II plus the attached epitope move to the outside of the dendritic cell
How do phagocytes recognize foreign cells or bacteria?
The phagocytes recognize molecules on pathogens not normally found on body cells
What would be the most effective way to prevent inflammation?
a drug which inhibits the release of inflammatory mediators
Which of the following can act as opsonins on bacteria, thus enhancing phagocytosis?
antibodies and complement proteins
Class II MHC proteins are found on which of the following cell types?
antigen-presenting cells
What cells display portions of the pathogens (antigens) they ingest on their plasma membranes?
antigen-presenting cells
What type of non-phagocytic cell mediates inflammation?
basophil
Which of the following is a non-phagocytic cells?
basophil
Cytotoxic T cells recognize antigens bound to _____ whereas helper T cells recognize antigens bound to _____.
class I MHC, class II MHC
B cells present antigens to helper T cells via
class II MHC molecules
Which class of MHC proteins presents exogenous antigens?
class II MHC proteins
The step that follows helper T cell activation is:
clonal expansion
Which of the innate defense mechanisms can lyse bacteria and mark cells for phagocytosis?
complement proteins
Natural killer (NK) cells work by:
destroying the infected cell
In response to _________________, tissue cells produce proteins which interfere with viral replication.
interferons
Which of the following innate internal defenses work by interfering with viral replication?
interferons
Inflammatory mediators attract phagocytes such as _____________ to the site of inflammation.
neutrophils
The _______ also known as the adenoid, is the most superior tonsil and is located in the posterior nasal cavity.
pharyngeal tonsil
What is the role of helper T cells in the adaptive immune response?
Helper T cells activate B cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes to kill infected host cells.
Correctly order the steps involved cellular immunity:
The Tc interacts with epitope, The helper T cell activates the Tc cell, The Tc recognizes the infected host cell, The Tc secretes perforin and granzyme, causing apoptosis
Which of the following is NOT a step that ultimately leads to antibody production?
The activation of cytotoxic T cells leads down the path of cell-mediated immunity.
Cytotoxic T cell receptors recognize:
MHC class I molecules
Which of the following is NOT a function of macrophages?
Macrophages activate T lymphocytes (T cells).
The student who caught the cold caused by this specific Rhinovirus was exposed to the exact same Rhinovirus 18 months later. What component of the immune system will protect her from getting the same cold again?
Memory B cells
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
NK cells recognize abnormal or cancer cells by a specific antigen on their cell membrane
Which of the following is NOT a step used by cytotoxic T cells to kill infected host cells?
Recognition of infected host cell using its CD4 glycoprotein
Which effect of vaccination is essential for future response to viral infections?
production of memory cells
B cell receptors are:
surface antibodies
Which of the following is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation?
swelling