The skeletal system chapter 6
Fontanel
"Soft spot" in an infant's skull
Maxillae, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid
Contain paranasal sinuses
Function of the skeleton
Contains and protects the red bone marrow, the primary hemopoietic (blood-forming) tissue
Ethmoid bone
Contains openings for the olfactory nerves
Spongy bone
Contains osteocytes and bone matrix, but these are not arranged in haversian systems
Temporal bone
Contains the external auditory meatus
Occipital bone
Contains the foramen magnum, which inturn contains the spinal cord
Lacrimal bone
Contains the nasolacrimal duct
Mandible and Maxille
Contains the sockets for teeth
Calcitonin
Decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bones
Suture
Immovable
Suture
Immovable joint between cranial bones
Irregular bones
Made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone
Short bones
Made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone
Condyloid
Mandible and temporal bone
Calcium salts and collagen
Matrix of bone is made of
Ball and socket
Movement in all planes
Saddle
Movement in all planes
Three
The number of phalanges present in each finger
Fourteen
The number of phalanges present in each foot
Fourteen
The number of phalanges present in one hand
Two
The number of phalanges present in the big toe
Two
The number of phalanges present in the thumb
Three
The number of phalanges present in the toes (besides the big toe)
Seven
The number of tarsals found in each ankle
Hip bone
The pelvic girdle that attaches the legs to the axial skeleton consists of one on each side
Ossification
The process of bone replacement of another tissue is called
Third
The process of ossification begins in this month of gestation
Osteoblasts
The production of bone matrix is accomplished by these cells
Sacrum
The sacral vertebrae is fused into this bone
Parietal
The sagittal structure is between these bones
Scapula and clavicle
The shoulder gridle that attaches the arm to the axial skeleton consists of these two bones
Function of the skeleton
Protects some internal organs from mechanical injury;ex: the rib cage protects the heart and lungs
Sphenoid bone
Protects the pituitary gland
Ligament
Connects one bone to another bone
Ball and socket
Hip bone and femur
Eight
How many carpals are found in each wrist
Hinge
Humerus and ulna
Collarbone and top of the breastbone
A facture of the clavicle and manubrium is also known as a
Lower leg, near the ankle
A fracture of the distal tibia is also known as a
Lower jaw
A fracture of the mandible is also known as a
Back of the head
A fracture of the occipital bone is also known as a
Knee cap
A fracture of the patella is also known as a
Finger bones
A fracture of the phalanges (hands) is also known as a
Cheek bone
A fracture of the zygomatic bone is also known as a
Cartilage
Absorb shock and permit movement
Paranasal sinus
Air cavity that opens into nasal cavity
Periosteum
Anchors tendons and ligaments
Growth hormone gland
Anterior pituitary gland
Ilium
Articulates with the sacrum
Pivot
Atlas and axis
Protein
Becomes part of the collagen in bone matrix
Calcium
Becomes part of the salts of bone matrix
Phosphorus
Becomes part of the salts of bone matrix
Osteocytes
Bone cells
Long bones
Bones of the arms, legs, hands, and feet
Saddle
Carpometacarpal of the thumb
Estrogen or testosterone
Causes long bones to stop growing
Axial
Division of the skeleton that includes the vertebrae
Appendicular
Division of the skeleton: within the arms and legs
Long bones
Each consists of a diaphysis made of compact bone and epiphyses made of spongy bone
Epiphysis
End of a long bone
Hinge
Febur and tibia
Nasal bones
Form the bridge of the nose
Maxillae and palatine bone
Form the hard palate (roof of the mouth)
Vomer and ethmoid bones
Forms the nasal septum
Zygomatic bone
Forms the point of the cheek
Scapula
Forms the socket for the humerus
Suture
Frontal and parietal bones
Calcium phosphate
Gives bone the strength required to perform its supportive and protective functions
Estrogen or Testosterone
Helps maintain a stable bone matrix and promotes closure of the epiphyses of long bones
Five
In each hand there is this amount of metacarpals
Fibrous connective tissue
In the embryo, the cranial and facial bones are first made of this tissue
Insulin
Increases energy production
Thyroxine
Increases protein synthesis and energy production from all food types
Growth hormone
Increases protein synthesis and the rate of mitosis of chondrocytes in cartilage
Parathyroid hormone
Increases the reabsorption of calcium by the small intestine and kidneys
Function of paranasal sinuses
Lighten the skull and provide resonance for the voice
Synovial membrane
Lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid
Calcitonin
Lowers the blood calcium level
Bone matrix
Made of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate
Joint capsule
Made of fibrous connective tissue; encloses the joint like a sleeve
Compact bone
Made of haversian systems, which are cylindrical arrangements of osteocytes within matrix
Compact bone
Made of osteons and haversian systems
Flat bones
Made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone
Hinge
Movement in one place
Condyloid
Movement in one plane with some lateral movement
Fibula
Muscle attachment
Vitamin D
Necessary for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the small intestines
Vitamin A
Necessary for the process of bone formation
Vitamin C
Necessary for the process of bone formation
Spongy bone
Often contains red bone marrow
Estrogen or Testosterone gland
Ovaries of testes
Insulin gland
Pancreas
Parathyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Suture
Parietal and temporal bones
Tibia
Part of the knee joint
Flat bones
Pelvic bone, cranial bones, ribs
Synovial fluid
Prevents friction within the joint cavity
Osteoblast
Produces bone matrix
Red bone marrow
Produces red blood cells
Ossification
Production of bone matrix
Function of the skeleton
Provides a framework that supports the body; the muscles that are attached to bone and move the skeleton
Articular cartilage
Provides a smooth surface on the joint surfaces of bones
Function of the skeleton
Provides a storage site for excess calcium.
Pivot
Radius and ulna
Parathyroid hormone
Raises the blood calcium level
Osteoclast
Reabsorbs bone matrix
Osteocytes
Regulate the amount of calcium in the bone matrix
Pivot
Rotation
Bursae
Sacs of synovial fluid that permit tendons to slide easily across a joint
Ball and socket
Scapula and humerus
Diaphysis
Shaft of a long bone
Gliding
Sliding movement
Symphysis
Slight movement
Fibrous Connective Tissue
Tendons and ligaments are made of this type of tissue
Cartilage
The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are separated by discs of
Femur
The bone of the thigh
Saddle
The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is this type of joint
Coccyx
The coccygeal vertebrae is fused into this bone
Parietal and frontal
The coronal structure is between these
Epiphyseal
The disc at which the growth of a long bone takes place
Periosteum
The fibrous connective tissue membrane that anchors the tendons that connect muscle to bone, and the ligaments to the bone
Gliding
The joint found between carpals
Parietal and occipital
The lambdoidal structure is between these
Long bones
The marrow canal contains yellow bone marrow
Periosteum
The membrane that covers the bone and is made of fibrous connective tissue
Acetabulum
The socket in the hip bone for the head of the femur
Flat bones
The spongy bone contains red bone marrow
Irregular bones
The spongy bone contains red bone marrow
Short bones
The spongy bone contains red bone marrow
Parietal and temporal
The squamosal structure is between these
Body
The supportive part of each vertebrae is called this
Calcaneus
The tarsal that forms the heel
Cartilage
The tissue that covers the joint surfaces and provides a smooth surface when joints are moved
Radius and ulna
The two bones of the forearm
Tibia and fibula
The two bones of the lower leg
Symphysis
The type of joint between two vertebraes
Hinge
The type of joint found between phalanges
Hearing
The vibrations of these bones are concerned with this sensation
Malleus, incus, stapes
Three auditory bones in each middle ear cavity
Calcitionin gland
Thyroid gland
Thyroxine gland
Thyroid gland
Vertebral column function
To support the trunk and head and to protect the spinal cord from mechanical injury
Gliding
Two carpals
Symphysis
Two pubic bones
Symphysis
Two vertebrae
Symphysis
Type of joint with a disc of fibrous cartilage between two bones
Irregular bones
Vertebrae, facial bones
Haversian system
What compact bone is made of
Joint
Where two bones meet
Short bones
Wrist and ankle bones
