The skeletal system chapter 6

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Fontanel

"Soft spot" in an infant's skull

Maxillae, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid

Contain paranasal sinuses

Function of the skeleton

Contains and protects the red bone marrow, the primary hemopoietic (blood-forming) tissue

Ethmoid bone

Contains openings for the olfactory nerves

Spongy bone

Contains osteocytes and bone matrix, but these are not arranged in haversian systems

Temporal bone

Contains the external auditory meatus

Occipital bone

Contains the foramen magnum, which inturn contains the spinal cord

Lacrimal bone

Contains the nasolacrimal duct

Mandible and Maxille

Contains the sockets for teeth

Calcitonin

Decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bones

Suture

Immovable

Suture

Immovable joint between cranial bones

Irregular bones

Made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone

Short bones

Made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone

Condyloid

Mandible and temporal bone

Calcium salts and collagen

Matrix of bone is made of

Ball and socket

Movement in all planes

Saddle

Movement in all planes

Three

The number of phalanges present in each finger

Fourteen

The number of phalanges present in each foot

Fourteen

The number of phalanges present in one hand

Two

The number of phalanges present in the big toe

Two

The number of phalanges present in the thumb

Three

The number of phalanges present in the toes (besides the big toe)

Seven

The number of tarsals found in each ankle

Hip bone

The pelvic girdle that attaches the legs to the axial skeleton consists of one on each side

Ossification

The process of bone replacement of another tissue is called

Third

The process of ossification begins in this month of gestation

Osteoblasts

The production of bone matrix is accomplished by these cells

Sacrum

The sacral vertebrae is fused into this bone

Parietal

The sagittal structure is between these bones

Scapula and clavicle

The shoulder gridle that attaches the arm to the axial skeleton consists of these two bones

Function of the skeleton

Protects some internal organs from mechanical injury;ex: the rib cage protects the heart and lungs

Sphenoid bone

Protects the pituitary gland

Ligament

Connects one bone to another bone

Ball and socket

Hip bone and femur

Eight

How many carpals are found in each wrist

Hinge

Humerus and ulna

Collarbone and top of the breastbone

A facture of the clavicle and manubrium is also known as a

Lower leg, near the ankle

A fracture of the distal tibia is also known as a

Lower jaw

A fracture of the mandible is also known as a

Back of the head

A fracture of the occipital bone is also known as a

Knee cap

A fracture of the patella is also known as a

Finger bones

A fracture of the phalanges (hands) is also known as a

Cheek bone

A fracture of the zygomatic bone is also known as a

Cartilage

Absorb shock and permit movement

Paranasal sinus

Air cavity that opens into nasal cavity

Periosteum

Anchors tendons and ligaments

Growth hormone gland

Anterior pituitary gland

Ilium

Articulates with the sacrum

Pivot

Atlas and axis

Protein

Becomes part of the collagen in bone matrix

Calcium

Becomes part of the salts of bone matrix

Phosphorus

Becomes part of the salts of bone matrix

Osteocytes

Bone cells

Long bones

Bones of the arms, legs, hands, and feet

Saddle

Carpometacarpal of the thumb

Estrogen or testosterone

Causes long bones to stop growing

Axial

Division of the skeleton that includes the vertebrae

Appendicular

Division of the skeleton: within the arms and legs

Long bones

Each consists of a diaphysis made of compact bone and epiphyses made of spongy bone

Epiphysis

End of a long bone

Hinge

Febur and tibia

Nasal bones

Form the bridge of the nose

Maxillae and palatine bone

Form the hard palate (roof of the mouth)

Vomer and ethmoid bones

Forms the nasal septum

Zygomatic bone

Forms the point of the cheek

Scapula

Forms the socket for the humerus

Suture

Frontal and parietal bones

Calcium phosphate

Gives bone the strength required to perform its supportive and protective functions

Estrogen or Testosterone

Helps maintain a stable bone matrix and promotes closure of the epiphyses of long bones

Five

In each hand there is this amount of metacarpals

Fibrous connective tissue

In the embryo, the cranial and facial bones are first made of this tissue

Insulin

Increases energy production

Thyroxine

Increases protein synthesis and energy production from all food types

Growth hormone

Increases protein synthesis and the rate of mitosis of chondrocytes in cartilage

Parathyroid hormone

Increases the reabsorption of calcium by the small intestine and kidneys

Function of paranasal sinuses

Lighten the skull and provide resonance for the voice

Synovial membrane

Lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid

Calcitonin

Lowers the blood calcium level

Bone matrix

Made of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate

Joint capsule

Made of fibrous connective tissue; encloses the joint like a sleeve

Compact bone

Made of haversian systems, which are cylindrical arrangements of osteocytes within matrix

Compact bone

Made of osteons and haversian systems

Flat bones

Made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone

Hinge

Movement in one place

Condyloid

Movement in one plane with some lateral movement

Fibula

Muscle attachment

Vitamin D

Necessary for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the small intestines

Vitamin A

Necessary for the process of bone formation

Vitamin C

Necessary for the process of bone formation

Spongy bone

Often contains red bone marrow

Estrogen or Testosterone gland

Ovaries of testes

Insulin gland

Pancreas

Parathyroid gland

Parathyroid glands

Suture

Parietal and temporal bones

Tibia

Part of the knee joint

Flat bones

Pelvic bone, cranial bones, ribs

Synovial fluid

Prevents friction within the joint cavity

Osteoblast

Produces bone matrix

Red bone marrow

Produces red blood cells

Ossification

Production of bone matrix

Function of the skeleton

Provides a framework that supports the body; the muscles that are attached to bone and move the skeleton

Articular cartilage

Provides a smooth surface on the joint surfaces of bones

Function of the skeleton

Provides a storage site for excess calcium.

Pivot

Radius and ulna

Parathyroid hormone

Raises the blood calcium level

Osteoclast

Reabsorbs bone matrix

Osteocytes

Regulate the amount of calcium in the bone matrix

Pivot

Rotation

Bursae

Sacs of synovial fluid that permit tendons to slide easily across a joint

Ball and socket

Scapula and humerus

Diaphysis

Shaft of a long bone

Gliding

Sliding movement

Symphysis

Slight movement

Fibrous Connective Tissue

Tendons and ligaments are made of this type of tissue

Cartilage

The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are separated by discs of

Femur

The bone of the thigh

Saddle

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is this type of joint

Coccyx

The coccygeal vertebrae is fused into this bone

Parietal and frontal

The coronal structure is between these

Epiphyseal

The disc at which the growth of a long bone takes place

Periosteum

The fibrous connective tissue membrane that anchors the tendons that connect muscle to bone, and the ligaments to the bone

Gliding

The joint found between carpals

Parietal and occipital

The lambdoidal structure is between these

Long bones

The marrow canal contains yellow bone marrow

Periosteum

The membrane that covers the bone and is made of fibrous connective tissue

Acetabulum

The socket in the hip bone for the head of the femur

Flat bones

The spongy bone contains red bone marrow

Irregular bones

The spongy bone contains red bone marrow

Short bones

The spongy bone contains red bone marrow

Parietal and temporal

The squamosal structure is between these

Body

The supportive part of each vertebrae is called this

Calcaneus

The tarsal that forms the heel

Cartilage

The tissue that covers the joint surfaces and provides a smooth surface when joints are moved

Radius and ulna

The two bones of the forearm

Tibia and fibula

The two bones of the lower leg

Symphysis

The type of joint between two vertebraes

Hinge

The type of joint found between phalanges

Hearing

The vibrations of these bones are concerned with this sensation

Malleus, incus, stapes

Three auditory bones in each middle ear cavity

Calcitionin gland

Thyroid gland

Thyroxine gland

Thyroid gland

Vertebral column function

To support the trunk and head and to protect the spinal cord from mechanical injury

Gliding

Two carpals

Symphysis

Two pubic bones

Symphysis

Two vertebrae

Symphysis

Type of joint with a disc of fibrous cartilage between two bones

Irregular bones

Vertebrae, facial bones

Haversian system

What compact bone is made of

Joint

Where two bones meet

Short bones

Wrist and ankle bones


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