The skeletal system chp. 6 exercise

compression fracture

caused by bone surfaces being forced against each other

splintered, crushed fracture

comminuted

Dense bone tissue that is the hard outer shell of the bone is known as _____

compact bone

A knucklelike projection at the end of a bone.

condyle

complete fracture

a break that extends through the entire thickness of the bone

DEXA

dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

malignant bone tumor in young adults

ewings

one side broken; other side bent

greenstick

Blood cell formation occurs in the

bone marrow

Mature bone cells

osteocytes

The medical term for an abnormal lateral (sideward) curvature of a portion of the spine to the left or the to the right is:

scoliosis

clubfoot

talipes

TMJ

temporomandibular joint

comminuted fracture

the force is so great that the bone is splintered or crushed

impacted fracture

the force of the break causes the broken end of the smaller bone to be jammed into the broken end of the larger bone

trochanter

the large bony process located below the neck of the femur; for muscle

The main shaft-like portion of the bone is the

diaphysis

A layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis of a bone is the:

epiphyseal line

When the skeletal growth is complete, the ______ will not show up on X-ray.

epiphyseal line

The end of a bone

epiphysis

The type of rib pairs 11 and 12 that connect to the vertebrae in the back but are free of any attachment in the front.

floating

A hole in the bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass

foramen

tuberosity

an elevated, broad, rounded process of bone, usually for muscle or tendon attachment

A hollow or concave depression in a bone is called a _____.

fossa

sinus

an opening or hollow space in a bone

Fx

fracture

Compact bone has a system of small canals that contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. These canals are called the ______ canals.

haversian

low blood calcium level

hypo/calc/emia

open fracture

a break in the bone and an open wound in the skin

closed fracture

a break in the bone but no open wound in the skin

neck

a constricted or narrow section that connects with the head

crest

a distinct border or ridge; an upper, elevated edge

fissure

a groove or depression in a bone

foramen

a hole within a bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass

fossa

a hollow or shallow concave depression in a bone

condyle

a knuckle-like projection at the end of a bone

hairline fracture

a minor fracture; the bone stays in perfect alignment; X-ray shows a small, thin line at the site of the fracture (also called stress fracture)

pertaining to the acetabulum

acetabul/ar

C1, C2, C3...

cervical vertebra 1,2,3, etc.

fracture with no open wound

closed

pertaining to the cartilage and the ribs

costo/chondr/al

incision into the skull

crani/otomy

pertaining to between the vertebrae

inter/vertebr/al

A flat, circular, platelike structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion (or shock absorber) between the vertebrae is known as _____.

intervertebral disk

The medical term for an abnormal curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly known as humpback or hunchback, is:

kyphosis

humpback

kyphosis

The medical term for an abnormal outward curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly known as a swayback, is:

lordosis

swayback

lordosis

pertaining to the jaw bone

mandibul/ar

Colles' fracture

occurs at the lower end of the radius, within 1 inch of the wrist

pathological fracture

occurs when a bone is weakened by a preexisting disease

greenstick fracture

one side of the bone is broken and the other side is bent; an incomplete fracture

The conversion of fibrous connective tissue and cartilage into bone or bony substance is known as _____.

ossification

a benign tumor of a bone

oste/oma

softening of the bone tissue

osteo/malacia

_________ are the immature bone cells that are actively producing bony tissue that replaces cartilage.

osteoblasts

_________ are large cells that digest (or absorb) bony tissue, helping to hollow out the central portion of the bone.

osteoclasts

A mature bone cell is called an ______.

osteocytes

A disease in which the bones become abnormally soft due to a deficiency of calcium and phosphorus in the blood is known as ____.

osteomalacia

inflammation of the bone and marrow

osteomyelitis

A disease characterized by bones that were once strong becoming fragile due to loss of bone density is called:

osteoporosis

loss of bone density; brittle bones

osteoporosis

The ______ is the thick white fibrous membrane that covers the surface of the long bones.

periosteum

inflammation of the spinal column

rach/itis

lateral curvature of spinal column

scoliosis

The type of irregular bones imbedded in tendons near a joint, as in a kneecap.

sesamoid

Bones that are longer than they are wide and with distinctive-shaped ends, such as the femur, are known as _____.

short bones

A sharp projection from the surface of a bone, similar to a crest.

spine

pertaining to below the sternum

sub/stern/al

Immovable joints, such as those of the cranium

sutures

The large bony process located below the neck of the femur

trochanter

The large bony process located below the neck of the femur is the ____.

trochanter

The first seven pairs of the ribs that connect to the vertebrae in the back and to the sternum in the front

true ribs

spine

a sharp projection from the surface of a bone, similar to a crest; used for muscle attachment