The Skeletal System Test Study Guide
What are the four stages of healing a bone fracture?
1. hematoma formation 2. fibrocartilage callus formation 3. Bony Callus formation 4. Bone remolding
Which bones are associated with the hand?
Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
Greenstick Fracture
Incomplete break
The hyoid bone is unique because why?
It is the only bone that does not articulate with any other bone
Two or more bones meet at a location called a(n) ________.
Joint; articulation
What bones are considered part of the axial skeleton?
Skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum
Immovable joints are functionally classified as ________.
Synarthrosis
What two bones constitute the forearm?
Ulna and Radius
What kind of bone growth in width occurs due to weight lifting at age 40?
appositional growth
What normally creates an open, or compound, fracture?
bone breaks through skin
The fibrous connections between the bones of a fetal skull are called?
fontanels
An incomplete bone break, known as a(n) ________ fracture, is commonly seen in children.
greenstick
The physician knew her patient was most likely a child before she walked into the examination room because the X-ray revealed a(n) ________.
greenstick fracture
The first step in bone healing involves the formation of a blood-filled swelling known as a(n) ________.
hematoma
The femur, tibia, humerus, and radius are all classified as _________.
long bones
What type of bone cell is primarily active when bone growth occurs?
osteoblast
Cube-shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone are called ________ bones.
short
What bones does the axial skeleton contain?
skull, ribs ,vertebra, sternum
Axial Skeleton
skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae
What is the function of yellow marrow?
store adipose tissue
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
support, protection, movement
What bones protect the spinal cord?
vertebrae
What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints?
Articular Cartilage
The skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage form the ________ skeleton.
Axial
What does the canal that runs through the core of the osteon (Haversian system) contain?
Blood vessels and Nerve Fibers
Spiral Fracture
Bone is twisted
What does the presence of an epiphyseal plate indicate?
Bone length is increasing
Depression Fracture
Bone pushed inward
Impacted Fracture
Broken ends are jammed together
Comminuted Fracture
Broken ends are shattered
A bone fracture that results in the bone being broken into many fragments is a _______ fracture.
Comminuted
A fracture that is common in osteoporotic bones is a _______fracture.
Compression
Julie experienced a break in the shaft of her femur. What part of her bone was fractured?
Diaphysis
A fracture in the ______ can impair the lengthwise growth of bones in a child?
Epiphyseal Plate
What are only seen in children?
Epiphyseal plates
The process of bone formation is known as _______?
Ossification
When growing bones widen through appositional growth, what kind of cells add bone matrix to the outside of the diaphysis?
Osteoblasts
Mothers who breast-feed their children will lose a percentage of calcium from their bones. Which hormone is responsible for raising blood calcium levels when they drop below homeostatic levels?
PTH
Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvic girdle, clavicles, scapulas, arm girdles, carapls, metacarpals, phalanges, leg girdles
You examine an articulated skeleton in the laboratory and determine the skeleton to be a female. How did you know this?
The ischial spine is greater