The Skeletal System Test Study Guide

What are the four stages of healing a bone fracture?

1. hematoma formation 2. fibrocartilage callus formation 3. Bony Callus formation 4. Bone remolding

Which bones are associated with the hand?

Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges

Greenstick Fracture

Incomplete break

The hyoid bone is unique because why?

It is the only bone that does not articulate with any other bone

Two or more bones meet at a location called a(n) ________.

Joint; articulation

What bones are considered part of the axial skeleton?

Skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum

Immovable joints are functionally classified as ________.

Synarthrosis

What two bones constitute the forearm?

Ulna and Radius

What kind of bone growth in width occurs due to weight lifting at age 40?

appositional growth

What normally creates an open, or compound, fracture?

bone breaks through skin

The fibrous connections between the bones of a fetal skull are called?

fontanels

An incomplete bone break, known as a(n) ________ fracture, is commonly seen in children.

greenstick

The physician knew her patient was most likely a child before she walked into the examination room because the X-ray revealed a(n) ________.

greenstick fracture

The first step in bone healing involves the formation of a blood-filled swelling known as a(n) ________.

hematoma

The femur, tibia, humerus, and radius are all classified as _________.

long bones

What type of bone cell is primarily active when bone growth occurs?

osteoblast

Cube-shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone are called ________ bones.

short

What bones does the axial skeleton contain?

skull, ribs ,vertebra, sternum

Axial Skeleton

skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae

What is the function of yellow marrow?

store adipose tissue

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

support, protection, movement

What bones protect the spinal cord?

vertebrae

What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints?

Articular Cartilage

The skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage form the ________ skeleton.

Axial

What does the canal that runs through the core of the osteon (Haversian system) contain?

Blood vessels and Nerve Fibers

Spiral Fracture

Bone is twisted

What does the presence of an epiphyseal plate indicate?

Bone length is increasing

Depression Fracture

Bone pushed inward

Impacted Fracture

Broken ends are jammed together

Comminuted Fracture

Broken ends are shattered

A bone fracture that results in the bone being broken into many fragments is a _______ fracture.

Comminuted

A fracture that is common in osteoporotic bones is a _______fracture.

Compression

Julie experienced a break in the shaft of her femur. What part of her bone was fractured?

Diaphysis

A fracture in the ______ can impair the lengthwise growth of bones in a child?

Epiphyseal Plate

What are only seen in children?

Epiphyseal plates

The process of bone formation is known as _______?

Ossification

When growing bones widen through appositional growth, what kind of cells add bone matrix to the outside of the diaphysis?

Osteoblasts

Mothers who breast-feed their children will lose a percentage of calcium from their bones. Which hormone is responsible for raising blood calcium levels when they drop below homeostatic levels?

PTH

Appendicular Skeleton

Pelvic girdle, clavicles, scapulas, arm girdles, carapls, metacarpals, phalanges, leg girdles

You examine an articulated skeleton in the laboratory and determine the skeleton to be a female. How did you know this?

The ischial spine is greater