The Wars of Religion

1588

England defeats the Spanish Armada, Hobbes Born

1610

French King Henry iV dies, succeeded by Louis XIII

1654

French King Louis XIII dies, succeeded by Louis XIV

1589

Henry of Navarre becomes King of Henry IV of France

1632

King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden dies at the Battle of Lutzen, The Treaty of Prague ends the Swedish Phase of Thirty Years' War

1567

King Philip II of Spain sends the Duke of Alva to suppress the revolt in the Netherlands

1546

Luther dies

1648

Peace of Westphalia

1618

Calvinist revolt in Bohemia begins Thirty Years' War

1624

Cardinal Richelieu becomes Louis XIII's chief minister

1545

Council of Trent begins

1625

Denmark intervenes in support of German Protestants

1540

Pope Paul III authorizes the Society of Jesus

1564

Pope Pius IV puts the decrees of the Council of Trent into effect

1642

Richelieu dies, Cardinal Mazarin succeeds him as Chief Minister

1571

Spain defeats the Turks in the Battle of Lepanto

1609

Spanish agree to 12 year truce with Dutch

1572

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

1630

Sweden intervenes in support of German Protestants

1659

Treaty of the Pyrenees