The Wars of Religion
1588
England defeats the Spanish Armada, Hobbes Born
1610
French King Henry iV dies, succeeded by Louis XIII
1654
French King Louis XIII dies, succeeded by Louis XIV
1589
Henry of Navarre becomes King of Henry IV of France
1632
King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden dies at the Battle of Lutzen, The Treaty of Prague ends the Swedish Phase of Thirty Years' War
1567
King Philip II of Spain sends the Duke of Alva to suppress the revolt in the Netherlands
1546
Luther dies
1648
Peace of Westphalia
1618
Calvinist revolt in Bohemia begins Thirty Years' War
1624
Cardinal Richelieu becomes Louis XIII's chief minister
1545
Council of Trent begins
1625
Denmark intervenes in support of German Protestants
1540
Pope Paul III authorizes the Society of Jesus
1564
Pope Pius IV puts the decrees of the Council of Trent into effect
1642
Richelieu dies, Cardinal Mazarin succeeds him as Chief Minister
1571
Spain defeats the Turks in the Battle of Lepanto
1609
Spanish agree to 12 year truce with Dutch
1572
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
1630
Sweden intervenes in support of German Protestants
1659
Treaty of the Pyrenees