Theory-Based Approaches to Modifying Health Behavior Questions

When did the Health Belief Model originate? 1950s 1930s 1900s 1980s 2000s

1950s

According to the EPPM, what will happen in a high-threat, high-efficacy message? The person will enter into the danger control process, defensive motivation, and not make the change The person will enter into the fear control process, defensive motivation, and not make the change The person will enter the fear control process and make the recommended change Nothing A person will enter into the danger control process and make the recommended change

A person will enter into the danger control process and make the recommended change

Which of the following is/are critiques of the Transtheoretical Model? People don't always go through a fixed set of stages in a straight line You may have to develop arbitrary criteria for measuring the stage someone is in It can be difficult to determine whether someone is in maintenance versus termination All of the above It can be difficult to decide whether someone is in contemplation versus preparation

All of the above

Which of the following is/are important step(s) in using the Transtheoretical Model? Use the stages your target population is in to develop stage-specific interventions Use assessment criteria to determine when the target group has moved to the next stages/stages Assess what stage your target group is in All of the above Use the change process relevant to moving the population into the next stage

All of the above

Why is program evaluation important? Tests the validity of theoretical linkages Provides feedback to help you make changes Provides data to show your program made a difference All of these are important Assesses what it costs for the program to achieve it's goals

All of these are important

Which field of study is primarily interested in the role of culture in human behavior and is comparative in nature? a. Sociology b. Anthropology c. Economics d. Psychology e. Ecology

Anthropology

Which phase includes diagnosing a health problem, identifying causal or supporting factors, and includes formative research? Evaluation Assessment Intervention Community Participation Capacity-Building

Assessment

What are the three important phases to changing health behaviors? Assessment, Grant-writing, Community Participation Intervention, Community Participation, Grant-writing Assessment, Intervention, Evaluation Capacity-Building, Identifying Core Competencies, Community Participation Grant-writing, Intervention, Advertising

Assessment, Intervention, Evaluation

Which of the following is NOT a construct in the Health Belief Model? a. Attitudes b. Self-efficacy c. Cues to action d. Perceived benefits vs. perceived barriers e. Perceived threat

Attitudes

Which of the following terms best fits the definition: a person's belief about what will happen if they do the health behavior and their assessment of whether the outcome is good or bad (more simply: positive or negative evaluation of the behavior). Perceived Benefits Attitudes Perceived Barriers Subjective Norms

Attitudes

Which branch of psychology does the following concept fit best with: Health behavior is learned (or "conditioned") through stimulus and response. a. Behaviorist Psychology b. Social Psychology c. Cognitive Psychology d. Humanistic Psychology

Behaviorist Psychology

Which Transtheoretical Model stage best fits the following definition: A person is thinking about changing sometime in the future and is weighting the pros and cons of doing so. Action Preparation Building Resolve Contemplation Pre-contemplation

Contemplation

Which change process best fits with the following definition: a person learns to do something that substitutes for the behavior they want to change (e.g. chewing sunflower seeds instead of smoking)? Counterconditioning Consciousness Raising Social Liberation Environmental Reevaluation

Counterconditioning

Which Health Belief Model construct does the following example fit best with: my car has an annoying beep to remind me to put my seatbelt on. a. Perceived behavioral control b. Perceived barriers c. Self-efficacy d. Cue to action e. Perceived threat

Cue to action

Which of the following best fits with this definition: An external event that motivates a person to act. a. Attitudes b. Perceived benefits c. Self-efficacy d. Cue to action e. Perceived behavioral control

Cue to action

Which Health Belief Model constructs were added several decades after the creation of the original theory? a. Social Norms and Perceived Threat b. Cues to Action and Self-efficacy c. Benefits and Barriers d. Perceived Severity and e. Perceived Susceptibility

Cues to Action and Self-efficacy

Bob thinks his risk of getting in an accident is high and could be deadly. He thinks it is easy to buckle up and buckling up can save his life. Which process will he likely enter? Danger Control Fear Control Nothing

Danger Control

Which of the following is NOT a critique of the Theory of Planned Behavior? a. Does not include demographic factors b. Constructs are vague c. All of these are correct d. Does not address any social factors e. Time between intentions and behavior is not considered

Does not address any social factors

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major fields from which modern public health theories are drawn? a. Psychology b. Ecology c. Sociology d. Economics e. Anthropology

Economics

Which change process best fits with the following definition: experiencing and expressing feelings about a problem. Self-Reevaluation Environmental Control Emotional Arousal Commitment

Emotional Arousal

Which idea does the following fit best with: we can know if something is "real" based on whether or not we can experience it through observable, tangible evidence (e.g. through one or more of our five senses). a. Predictability b. Empirical Data c. Order and Regularity d. Progress and Perfectibility

Empirical Data

Which change process best fits with the following definition: restructuring your environment so you're less likely to perform negative behavior, stimulus control, removing your triggers. Consciousness Raising Self-Reevaluation Helping Relationships Environmental Control

Environmental Control

Getting to the Termination stage is typical. True False

False

There is a covid outbreak in John's community. He is worried he will get it and it will make him sick. He started reading about it and does not believe there is anything he can do to prevent himself from getting it. What process will he enter into? Fear Control Danger Control Nothing

Fear Control

What kind of model is the EPPM? Multilevel Fear appeal Social / Environmental Humor appeal Stages of change

Fear appeal

Which model(s) view behavior change as taking place at one point in time? a. Theory of Planned Behavior b. Health Belief Model c. Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behavior d. Transtheoretical Model e. All of these

Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behavior

Which evaluation method tracks activities and factors such as client participation, number of educational sessions conducted, heath services delivered, or calls taken? Quasi-Experimental Design Classic Experimental Design Historical Recordkeeping Approach Benchmarking Qualitative Approach

Historical Recordkeeping Approach

Who developed the Health Belief Model? a. Hochbaum, Rosenstock & Kegels b. BF Skinner c. Fishbein & Ajzen d. Albert Bandura e. Prochaska & DiClemente

Hochbaum, Rosenstock & Kegels

Which branch of psychology does the following concept fit best with: the power to choose healthy or unhealthy lifestyles depends on an individual's choices, or agency. a. Humanistic Psychology b. Social Psychology c. Cognitive Psychology d. Behaviorist Psychology

Humanistic Psychology

Which term does the following best fit with: evaluating the short-term or immediate effects the program had? Outcome Evaluation Implementation Evaluation Planning Evaluation Impact Evaluation Process Evaluation

Impact Evaluation

Which category of factors would the following best fit into: A child inherited Type 1 diabetes from his father. a. Socioeconomic/Structural factors b. Social/Cultural factors c. Individual factors d. Environmental factors

Individual factors

Which of the following is NOT a critique of the Health Belief Model? a. All of these are critiques of the Health Belief Model b. It is difficult to determine which norms have the greatest influence - like family vs. friends c. Focuses on individual decisions and does not address social and environmental factors d. Not clear how all constructs operate together to change behavior or which is more important in determining behavior e. Does not place much emphasis on external constructs

It is difficult to determine which norms have the greatest influence - like family vs. friends

Which of the following is NOT one of the four key elements of the context of theory in Western tradition? a. Order and Regularity b. Empirical Data c. Progress d. Predictability e. Liberality

Liberality

What is a diagram or structure that links what you plan to do with its expected outcomes and impacts? Guide to Community Preventive Services Logic Model PRECEDE Fidelity Evaluation

Logic Model

Which experiment had "teachers" shock "learners" when they answered questions incorrectly to demonstrate the "teacher's" willingness to follow authority figures? a. Pavlov's experiment b. Stanford prison experiment c. Asch conformity experiments d. Bandura's bobo doll experiments e. Milgram experiment

Milgram experiment

B.F. Skinner's idea that positive and negative reinforcement can condition people to behave in a certain way is known as which concept? a. Assimilation b. Operant Conditioning c. Classical Conditioning d. Groupthink

Operant Conditioning

Which of the following logic model component does the following definition best fit with: long-term changes from the program (change in risk behaviors, health status). Outputs Outcomes Inputs Indicators and Measures Impacts

Outcomes

Which of the following logic model component does the following definition best fit with: the activities, products, services, and participation generated through the investment of resources. Indicators and Measures Outputs Outcomes Inputs Impacts

Outputs

Which term contains concepts of control beliefs and perceived power (for example, perceived ease or difficulty of performing the health behavior). Perceived Behavioral Control Behavioral Intentions Attitudes Subjective Norms

Perceived Behavioral Control

Which of the following is NOT a current construct of the Theory of Planned Behavior? a. Subjective Norms b. Perceived Benefits c. Attitudes d. Intentions e. Perceived behavioral control

Perceived Benefits

Which Health Belief Model construct does the following example fit best with: wearing a seatbelt is itchy and scratchy. a. Subjective norms b. Perceived barriers c. Self-efficacy d. Perceived threat e. Cue to action

Perceived barriers

Which Theory of Planned Behavior construct does the following most closely relate to: it's simply and easy to put on a seatbelt. It only takes three seconds! Perceived behavioral control Perceived benefits vs. perceived barriers Perceived threat Attitudes Subjective norms

Perceived behavioral control

Which of the following best fits with this definition: The positive outcomes a person believes will result from a recommended health behavior or action. a. Perceived barriers b. Self-efficacy c. Attitudes d. Perceived threats e. Perceived benefits

Perceived benefits

A person's belief that the recommended health behavior will actually avert the threat best refers to: a. Fear b. Perceived susceptibility c. Perceived response efficacy d. Perceived self-efficacy e. Perceived severity

Perceived response efficacy

Feeling like flu vaccines don't actually prevent the flu best relates to: Perceived response efficacy Perceived susceptibility Perceived severity Fear Perceived self-efficacy

Perceived response efficacy

Feeling like it is too difficult to find time to cook and eat healthy best relates to: Perceived response efficacy Perceived severity Perceived susceptibility Fear Perceived self-efficacy

Perceived self-efficacy

How serious someone thinks it will be if a negative health outcome affects them best relates to: Perceived susceptibility Fear Perceived self-efficacy Perceived response efficacy Perceived severity

Perceived severity

How likely someone is to believe that a negative health outcome will affect them best relates to: a. Perceived susceptibility b. Perceived self-efficacy c. Perceived response efficacy d. Fear e. Perceived severity

Perceived susceptibility

Which idea does the following fit best with: By knowing the details and rules of the order, we can theoretically anticipate what will occur. a. Empirical Data b. Progress and Perfectibility c. Order and Regularity d. Predictability

Predictability

Which Transtheoretical Model stage best fits the following definition: A person is ready to do something. They intend to act soon and have some kind of plan or idea about what they want to do. Preparation Action Termination Maintenance Contemplation

Preparation

Which term does the following best fit with: evaluating if the components of the intervention were implemented as planned; comparing what you actually did with what you planned to do? Planning Evaluation Outcome Evaluation Process Evaluation Impact Evaluation Implementation Evaluation

Process Evaluation

Who was instrumental in developing the Transtheoretical Model? a. Hochbaum, Rosenstock & Kegels b. Albert Bandura c. Fishbein & Ajzen d. Prochaska & DiClemente

Prochaska & DiClemente

Which of the following evaluation strategy best fits with interviews and focus groups? Benchmarking Historical Recordkeeping Approach Qualitative Approach Classic Experimental Design Quasi-Experimental Design

Qualitative Approach

Which branch of psychology does the following concept fit best with: how groups, relationships, authority, group prejudices, norms, and other factors impact health. a. Humanistic Psychology b. Social Psychology c. Behaviorist Psychology d. Cognitive Psychology

Social Psychology

Which term best fits the following definition: "health inequities arise from the societal conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age." a. Theoretical Construct b. Reciprocal determinism c. Self-efficacy d. Social determinants approach

Social determinants approach

Which of the following is NOT considered an "individual level" theory? a. Socioecologic Model b. Theory of Planned Behavior c. Transtheoretical Model / Stages of Change d. All of these are individual level theories e. Health Belief Model

Socioecologic Model

Which category of factors would the following best fit into: Katie doesn't go running because she lives in a high-crime area with no street lamps? a. Social/Cultural factors b. Individual factors c. Political factors d. Socioeconomic/Structural factors

Socioeconomic/Structural factors

Which Theory of Planned Behavior construct does the following most closely relate to: You believe that your mom wants you to wear your seatbelt. Perceived benefits vs. perceived barriers Perceived behavioral control Attitudes Subjective norms Self-efficacy

Subjective Norms

According to the EPPM, what will happen in a high-threat, low-efficacy message? The person will enter into the danger control process, defensive motivation, and not make the change A person will enter into the danger control process and make the recommended change The person will enter the fear control process and make the recommended change The person will enter into the fear control process, defensive motivation, and not make the change Nothing

The person will enter into the fear control process, defensive motivation, and not make the change

Which word does the following definition best fit with: "a set of interrelated constructs (concepts), definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables, with the purpose of explaining and predicting phenomena." a. Empirical data b. Theory c. Social Determinants of Health d. The Scientific Method

Theory