Thinking & Mental Images

Functional fixedness

A block to a problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions

Heuristic

An educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down the possible solutions for a problem Also known as a "rule of thumb"

Prototype

An example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of a concept

Basic Level Concept

An example of a type of concept around which other similar concepts are organized such as "dog", "cat" or "pear"

Algorithms example

Applying a formula to solve a math problem like, Power outage, medical procedure

Means-end Analysis examples

Breaking down a project into smaller steps and taking them one at a time; Clean room- clean closet and then clean under bed, and then bathroom, breaking down bits and pieces to get the whole picture

Mental Images Examples

Concept representations; Pull up mental image of cat, we can pull up an image of cat, and its our own

Natural Concepts

Concepts people form as a result of their experiences in the real world (Like companion animals)

Formal Concepts

Concepts that are defined by specific rules of features (Like geometrical shapes)

Mental Set examples

For our project, she doesn't have guide lines because she wants us to be creative and not to get in a mental mind set. Detrimental to creativity

Means-end Analysis

Heuristic in which the difference between the starting situation and the goal is determined and then steps are taken to reduce that difference

Concepts

Ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activities.

Thinking

Interaction of sensing what's in your environment and integrating what is going on and attending to and going to interact with your memory

Thinking (Cognition)

Mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is organizing and attempting to understand information and communication information to others

Mental Images

Mental representation that stand for objects of events and have a picture-like-quality

Confirmation Bias examples

Peer reviewed articles are controlled, because for our project we are looking at those and those are based for that topic, but media will give other examples and myths. Myth that vaccinations on baby cause autism, making the vaccinations decrease because people are just believing that

Trial & Error (Mechanical Solution)

Problem solving method in which one possible solution after another is tried until successful one is found.

Problem Solving

Process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways

Insight examples

Remembering a word or name you'd tried to recall previously while doing something unrelated

Heuristic examples

Retracting your steps to find something you've lost; Restarting computer

Insight

Sudden perception of a solution to a problem

Artificial Intelligence

The creating of a machine that can think like a human. True flexibility of human though processes has yet to be developed in a machine.

Superordinate Concept

The most general form of a type of concept, such as "animal" or "fruit"

Subordinate Concept

The most specific category of a concept, such as ones pet dog, or a pear in ones hand

Mental Set

The tendency for people to persist in using problem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to search for evidence that fits ones beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs

Trial & Error (Mechanical Solution) examples

Trying all of the keys on your key ring until you find the one that works

Algorithms

Very specific, step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems

Natural Concepts examples

We might view cats and dogs differently than in other cultures, like Muslims, they have a mini horse not dog because they do not like dogs. Our service animal is a dog; Muslims service animal is a horse

Prototype examples

What is a dog? A Lab or a Chihuahua; Prototypical fruit, like apple

Formal Concepts examples

What is the isosceles triangle? Which has the acute angle?

Functional fixedness examples

You may spend time looking for a screw driver when a coin could perform the same function