Thinking & Mental Images
Functional fixedness
A block to a problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions
Heuristic
An educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down the possible solutions for a problem Also known as a "rule of thumb"
Prototype
An example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of a concept
Basic Level Concept
An example of a type of concept around which other similar concepts are organized such as "dog", "cat" or "pear"
Algorithms example
Applying a formula to solve a math problem like, Power outage, medical procedure
Means-end Analysis examples
Breaking down a project into smaller steps and taking them one at a time; Clean room- clean closet and then clean under bed, and then bathroom, breaking down bits and pieces to get the whole picture
Mental Images Examples
Concept representations; Pull up mental image of cat, we can pull up an image of cat, and its our own
Natural Concepts
Concepts people form as a result of their experiences in the real world (Like companion animals)
Formal Concepts
Concepts that are defined by specific rules of features (Like geometrical shapes)
Mental Set examples
For our project, she doesn't have guide lines because she wants us to be creative and not to get in a mental mind set. Detrimental to creativity
Means-end Analysis
Heuristic in which the difference between the starting situation and the goal is determined and then steps are taken to reduce that difference
Concepts
Ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activities.
Thinking
Interaction of sensing what's in your environment and integrating what is going on and attending to and going to interact with your memory
Thinking (Cognition)
Mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is organizing and attempting to understand information and communication information to others
Mental Images
Mental representation that stand for objects of events and have a picture-like-quality
Confirmation Bias examples
Peer reviewed articles are controlled, because for our project we are looking at those and those are based for that topic, but media will give other examples and myths. Myth that vaccinations on baby cause autism, making the vaccinations decrease because people are just believing that
Trial & Error (Mechanical Solution)
Problem solving method in which one possible solution after another is tried until successful one is found.
Problem Solving
Process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways
Insight examples
Remembering a word or name you'd tried to recall previously while doing something unrelated
Heuristic examples
Retracting your steps to find something you've lost; Restarting computer
Insight
Sudden perception of a solution to a problem
Artificial Intelligence
The creating of a machine that can think like a human. True flexibility of human though processes has yet to be developed in a machine.
Superordinate Concept
The most general form of a type of concept, such as "animal" or "fruit"
Subordinate Concept
The most specific category of a concept, such as ones pet dog, or a pear in ones hand
Mental Set
The tendency for people to persist in using problem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to search for evidence that fits ones beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs
Trial & Error (Mechanical Solution) examples
Trying all of the keys on your key ring until you find the one that works
Algorithms
Very specific, step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems
Natural Concepts examples
We might view cats and dogs differently than in other cultures, like Muslims, they have a mini horse not dog because they do not like dogs. Our service animal is a dog; Muslims service animal is a horse
Prototype examples
What is a dog? A Lab or a Chihuahua; Prototypical fruit, like apple
Formal Concepts examples
What is the isosceles triangle? Which has the acute angle?
Functional fixedness examples
You may spend time looking for a screw driver when a coin could perform the same function