TKSummage BIOL SET 2 WTF
Freshwater accounts for ___% of the earths water
3
Shifting agriculture involves which of the following
Burning vegetation, cutting down trees.
________ _______ Are a group of pesticides of complex, stable structure that contain carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
Soil erosion stems from two problems, which are
Compaction of the soil, and reduction of soil organic matter.
This series of horizontal layers in soil is known as the
Soil profile
Subirrigation
Supplying water to plants through underground pipes
Insecticides are used in developing countries because
Insecticides kill insects that carry sleeping sickness, transmit bubonic plague, and spread of malaria.
Large blocks of crust that slide across the earth surface, sometimes breaking into smaller pieces and at other times colliding to form new larger land masses
Text tonic plates
The conversion of productive land to desert and the blowing of sand out of drylands and deserts to other places, is defined as
Desertification
_______ are a major water pollutant problem because as they decay in water, the use of available oxygen needed by living organisms
Dissolved organics
What herbicide is effective against the Target organism in the proper concentration, at the appropriate time, but will kill all vegetation at higher concentrations?
Diuron
In order to reduce soil erosion, the US department of agriculture encourages farmers to
Keep the ground covered, prevent soil compaction, avoid excessive tillage.
How can farmers reduce run off and to minimize agricultural pollution?
Keeps oil covered with crops for as long as possible. Leave a zone of permanently vegetated land near drains or stream banks.
China will have to rely on other countries as the economic conditions there improve because
Meat consumption in China is growing by 10% per year. Feed for animal consumption in China is growing by 15% per year
True or false: an increasing number of countries will experience serious water shortages by 2025
True
True or false: by 2025, significantly more people will live in countries experiencing water shortages
True
True or false: shifting agriculture is also known as "slash and burn" agriculture.
True
The protection of ______ Habitat is critical to the health of many organisms including humans since they act as breeding ground for birds and amphibians and assist in controlling flood waters and filtering pollutants from groundwater.
Wetlands
Outline how biomagnification occurs(1-4)
1. DDT Falls upon or is consumed by a lower traffic level organisms, such as an insect. 2. DDT accumulates in the insects fatty tissues. 3. the small dose of DDT does not kill the insight. 4. organisms higher in the food web consume many insects, magnifying the toxin at higher trophic levels.
What percent of the soil remains covered with crop residue in reduced and conservation tillage, respectively
15 to 30%; more than 30%
In North America, crop irrigation is responsible for ____ percent of water consumption
80%
Which soil horizon usually contains the most nutrients and organic matter
A
The creation of conservation buffer strips of land between farmland and stream systems can be costly to farmers because
A buffer strips are pieces of land that could otherwise be cultivated
Aquifer
A porous layer, usually composed of gravel, sand, or permeable rock, that holds groundwater that can be extracted by wells.
Sources of ______ water pollution include fertilizers and pesticides, as well as organic material run off from feedlots.
Agricultural
What type of water rights law is utilized in the eastern United States region
All people living near a river or lake have a reasonable right to use the water
Fungicides are used
As fumigants to protect agricultural products from spoilage, as treatments to protect seeds from rotting before germination, as sprays and dusts to prevent spread of disease among plants.
What type of herbicide controls broadleaf or grassy weeds
Atrazine
What type of herbicide mimics natural growth regulators
Auxin
Numerous environmental conditions such as __________, topography, and _____________ Can affect the health of the soil ecosystem.
Climate; parent minerals
To be suitable for human consumption, water must be sustainably free of
Contamination by disease causing bacteria viruses and parasites, plant and animal waste and decaying matter, dissolved salts.
What are the benefits of natural landscaping?
Conserving native plants, improving water quality, providing habitat for local and migratory animals, and reducing the cost of yard maintenance for landowners.
Potable water is any water that is
Considered drinkable
Examples of chlorinated hydrocarbons include
DDT, chlordane, aldrin.
Soil Fauna, such as bacteria, algae, and fungi, are important to soil health because they
Decompose and recycle leaf litter, releasing nutrients back into the soil for plant use
The physical process of transferring water from one area to another is known as
Die version
List examples that do not represent a sustainable approach to agriculture
Discourage the economic viability of farm abrasions, decreased the quality of life of the farmers.
List examples that represent a sustainable approach to agriculture
Enhance the quality of life of the society as a whole, so stay in the economic viability of farm operations, enhance the quality of life of the farmers
Plowing can lead to soil erosion because it
Exposes bear soil to the agents of wind and water
Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis Are two types of _______ that make up part of the municipal water pollution produced by humans.
Fecal coliform bacteria
What type of herbicide kills woody plants
Fenuron
What are mechanisms that can deplete soil?
Flooding, desertification, Deforestation, farming
What type of herbicide controls annual and perennial plants
Glyphosate
Once ______ Pollution has occurred, it is very difficult to remedy because it is very costly and slow process without the guarantee of being able to completely remove the contamination.
Groundwater
More than 2000 acres in the San Joaquin Valley California Have subsided as much as 20 feet due to
Groundwater mining
The practice of interplanting
Helps protect soil's from nutrient loss and erosion. Provides multiple harvests per field.
When water evaporates from moist surfaces, falls again as rain or snow, passes through living organisms, and returns to the ocean, this process is known as the __________ cycle
Hydrologic
The use of fertilizer has significantly _______ over the last few decades and is projected to_______
Increase, increase
If the price of oil increases, the price of fertilizers ________ and the price of food ________
Increases, increases
Planting multiple crops in the same field, known as __________, helps protect soil for nutrient loss and erosion while also providing multiple harvest Per field
Interplanting
Secondary treatment
Involves biodegradation of the dissolved organic compounds
List the drawbacks of irrigation
It's ability to rapidly drawl down the water table, the amount of energy required to utilize it
Groundwater pollution is often the result of
Leaking underground storage tanks, poorly maintained septic tanks, unlined away and Fields, infiltration of pesticides.
Well salt water is plentiful and covers about 70% of the earths surface, it nonetheless cannot be used for
Many industrial or manufacturing purposes, drinking water, and most domestic purposes.
Conservation tillage means that ________ crop residue is left standing than in reduced tillage
More
Water _______ is anything that enters a body of water that interferes with the natural ecosystem or prevents water use by segments of society.
Pollution
In North America and much of the developed world, which stages of sewage treatment are commonly used to treat wastewater?
Primary and secondary treatment
Energy is used in mechanized agriculture for
Pumping irrigation water, harvesting, planting, telling.
Groundwater mining is
Pumping water from an aquifer at a rate faster than it can be replaced
Examples of beneficial organisms used to control pests include
Purple loosestrife
Send a message application, such as for drinking or bathing, the _____ of the water source is as important as the quantity of available water
Quality
List the layers of the soil horizon from top to bottom
R horizon, A horizon, E horizon, B horizon, C horizon. RAEBC
What changes in agriculture production methods will reduce compaction of soil and loss of soil organic matter?
Reducing the number of times farm acquit meant travels over the soil, incorporating crop residue into the soil, leaving crop residue on soil.
Tertiary treatment
Removes plant nutrients, especially nitrates and phosphates.
Nearly 2/3 of marine oil pollution is sourced from a combination of
Run off from streets, and proper disposal of lubricating oil from machines, and intentional discharges from takers.
Moving vegetation through logging or agriculture increases _______ , Which in turn can lead to increased soil erosion.
Runoff
Types of pollution that result from agricultural practices include
Sediments, fertilizers, organic matter, and salts
Primary treatment
Separates large solids from the waste stream.
Practices such as crop diversification , Why does pest management, and increasing organic matter in soil's will reduce
Soil erosion
How do environmental factors affect soil development
Steep topography increases soil erosion by water. in extremely cold environments, soil font to recycle nutrients very slowly. a lack of rainfall can stress soil fauna.
Well dams provide needed hydroelectric energy, they come with significant and drawbacks including
Stilt accumulation, the high cost of construction, and changing water temperatures and aquatic ecosystems downstream of the dam.
The water _____ represents the top of the saturated layer in and on confined aquifer
Table
Indirectly, fossil feels are used in mechanized agriculture for
The manufacture of fertilizers and pesticides
What type of water rights law is utilized in western United States region
The person with the oldest water rights gets all the water he or she wants the four other users can access it
When water is return from its source at a temperature higher than when it was removed it is referred to as ________ pollution
Thermal
Rodenticides are used
To kill organisms that spread disease, and damage crops in the field.
Types of water pollution include
Toxic chemicals, dissolved organic matter, excess nutrients, disease causing organisms.
China has 19% of the worlds population but only 7% of the arable land. Therefore it will be unable to keep up with the surgeon to man for better food and will have to rely on other countries to make up the deficit. True or false?
True
Flood irrigation
Using canals to let water flow over crops
Trickle irrigation
Using pipes to directly deliver water to plant roots
Spray irrigation
Using pumps to disperse water on props
Groundwater pollution for landfills and surface impoundments in the US are common because
Very few are properly lined to prevent leakage of wastes.
Listen example and describe the activated sludge sewage treatment system
Waste water is held in tanks where air is bubbled through it. This method uses a lesser amount of water.
List an example and describe the trickling filter system
Waste water is sprayed on a substrate to increase the amount of dissolved oxygen. This process concentrates organic waste into large particles that settle out of solution
The aqueducts of ancient Rome are early examples of _______, which is reflect today in the water supply systems of New York City and Los Angeles
Water diversion