TKSummage BIOL SET 2 WTF

Freshwater accounts for ___% of the earths water

3

Shifting agriculture involves which of the following

Burning vegetation, cutting down trees.

________ _______ Are a group of pesticides of complex, stable structure that contain carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine

Chlorinated hydrocarbons

Soil erosion stems from two problems, which are

Compaction of the soil, and reduction of soil organic matter.

This series of horizontal layers in soil is known as the

Soil profile

Subirrigation

Supplying water to plants through underground pipes

Insecticides are used in developing countries because

Insecticides kill insects that carry sleeping sickness, transmit bubonic plague, and spread of malaria.

Large blocks of crust that slide across the earth surface, sometimes breaking into smaller pieces and at other times colliding to form new larger land masses

Text tonic plates

The conversion of productive land to desert and the blowing of sand out of drylands and deserts to other places, is defined as

Desertification

_______ are a major water pollutant problem because as they decay in water, the use of available oxygen needed by living organisms

Dissolved organics

What herbicide is effective against the Target organism in the proper concentration, at the appropriate time, but will kill all vegetation at higher concentrations?

Diuron

In order to reduce soil erosion, the US department of agriculture encourages farmers to

Keep the ground covered, prevent soil compaction, avoid excessive tillage.

How can farmers reduce run off and to minimize agricultural pollution?

Keeps oil covered with crops for as long as possible. Leave a zone of permanently vegetated land near drains or stream banks.

China will have to rely on other countries as the economic conditions there improve because

Meat consumption in China is growing by 10% per year. Feed for animal consumption in China is growing by 15% per year

True or false: an increasing number of countries will experience serious water shortages by 2025

True

True or false: by 2025, significantly more people will live in countries experiencing water shortages

True

True or false: shifting agriculture is also known as "slash and burn" agriculture.

True

The protection of ______ Habitat is critical to the health of many organisms including humans since they act as breeding ground for birds and amphibians and assist in controlling flood waters and filtering pollutants from groundwater.

Wetlands

Outline how biomagnification occurs(1-4)

1. DDT Falls upon or is consumed by a lower traffic level organisms, such as an insect. 2. DDT accumulates in the insects fatty tissues. 3. the small dose of DDT does not kill the insight. 4. organisms higher in the food web consume many insects, magnifying the toxin at higher trophic levels.

What percent of the soil remains covered with crop residue in reduced and conservation tillage, respectively

15 to 30%; more than 30%

In North America, crop irrigation is responsible for ____ percent of water consumption

80%

Which soil horizon usually contains the most nutrients and organic matter

A

The creation of conservation buffer strips of land between farmland and stream systems can be costly to farmers because

A buffer strips are pieces of land that could otherwise be cultivated

Aquifer

A porous layer, usually composed of gravel, sand, or permeable rock, that holds groundwater that can be extracted by wells.

Sources of ______ water pollution include fertilizers and pesticides, as well as organic material run off from feedlots.

Agricultural

What type of water rights law is utilized in the eastern United States region

All people living near a river or lake have a reasonable right to use the water

Fungicides are used

As fumigants to protect agricultural products from spoilage, as treatments to protect seeds from rotting before germination, as sprays and dusts to prevent spread of disease among plants.

What type of herbicide controls broadleaf or grassy weeds

Atrazine

What type of herbicide mimics natural growth regulators

Auxin

Numerous environmental conditions such as __________, topography, and _____________ Can affect the health of the soil ecosystem.

Climate; parent minerals

To be suitable for human consumption, water must be sustainably free of

Contamination by disease causing bacteria viruses and parasites, plant and animal waste and decaying matter, dissolved salts.

What are the benefits of natural landscaping?

Conserving native plants, improving water quality, providing habitat for local and migratory animals, and reducing the cost of yard maintenance for landowners.

Potable water is any water that is

Considered drinkable

Examples of chlorinated hydrocarbons include

DDT, chlordane, aldrin.

Soil Fauna, such as bacteria, algae, and fungi, are important to soil health because they

Decompose and recycle leaf litter, releasing nutrients back into the soil for plant use

The physical process of transferring water from one area to another is known as

Die version

List examples that do not represent a sustainable approach to agriculture

Discourage the economic viability of farm abrasions, decreased the quality of life of the farmers.

List examples that represent a sustainable approach to agriculture

Enhance the quality of life of the society as a whole, so stay in the economic viability of farm operations, enhance the quality of life of the farmers

Plowing can lead to soil erosion because it

Exposes bear soil to the agents of wind and water

Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis Are two types of _______ that make up part of the municipal water pollution produced by humans.

Fecal coliform bacteria

What type of herbicide kills woody plants

Fenuron

What are mechanisms that can deplete soil?

Flooding, desertification, Deforestation, farming

What type of herbicide controls annual and perennial plants

Glyphosate

Once ______ Pollution has occurred, it is very difficult to remedy because it is very costly and slow process without the guarantee of being able to completely remove the contamination.

Groundwater

More than 2000 acres in the San Joaquin Valley California Have subsided as much as 20 feet due to

Groundwater mining

The practice of interplanting

Helps protect soil's from nutrient loss and erosion. Provides multiple harvests per field.

When water evaporates from moist surfaces, falls again as rain or snow, passes through living organisms, and returns to the ocean, this process is known as the __________ cycle

Hydrologic

The use of fertilizer has significantly _______ over the last few decades and is projected to_______

Increase, increase

If the price of oil increases, the price of fertilizers ________ and the price of food ________

Increases, increases

Planting multiple crops in the same field, known as __________, helps protect soil for nutrient loss and erosion while also providing multiple harvest Per field

Interplanting

Secondary treatment

Involves biodegradation of the dissolved organic compounds

List the drawbacks of irrigation

It's ability to rapidly drawl down the water table, the amount of energy required to utilize it

Groundwater pollution is often the result of

Leaking underground storage tanks, poorly maintained septic tanks, unlined away and Fields, infiltration of pesticides.

Well salt water is plentiful and covers about 70% of the earths surface, it nonetheless cannot be used for

Many industrial or manufacturing purposes, drinking water, and most domestic purposes.

Conservation tillage means that ________ crop residue is left standing than in reduced tillage

More

Water _______ is anything that enters a body of water that interferes with the natural ecosystem or prevents water use by segments of society.

Pollution

In North America and much of the developed world, which stages of sewage treatment are commonly used to treat wastewater?

Primary and secondary treatment

Energy is used in mechanized agriculture for

Pumping irrigation water, harvesting, planting, telling.

Groundwater mining is

Pumping water from an aquifer at a rate faster than it can be replaced

Examples of beneficial organisms used to control pests include

Purple loosestrife

Send a message application, such as for drinking or bathing, the _____ of the water source is as important as the quantity of available water

Quality

List the layers of the soil horizon from top to bottom

R horizon, A horizon, E horizon, B horizon, C horizon. RAEBC

What changes in agriculture production methods will reduce compaction of soil and loss of soil organic matter?

Reducing the number of times farm acquit meant travels over the soil, incorporating crop residue into the soil, leaving crop residue on soil.

Tertiary treatment

Removes plant nutrients, especially nitrates and phosphates.

Nearly 2/3 of marine oil pollution is sourced from a combination of

Run off from streets, and proper disposal of lubricating oil from machines, and intentional discharges from takers.

Moving vegetation through logging or agriculture increases _______ , Which in turn can lead to increased soil erosion.

Runoff

Types of pollution that result from agricultural practices include

Sediments, fertilizers, organic matter, and salts

Primary treatment

Separates large solids from the waste stream.

Practices such as crop diversification , Why does pest management, and increasing organic matter in soil's will reduce

Soil erosion

How do environmental factors affect soil development

Steep topography increases soil erosion by water. in extremely cold environments, soil font to recycle nutrients very slowly. a lack of rainfall can stress soil fauna.

Well dams provide needed hydroelectric energy, they come with significant and drawbacks including

Stilt accumulation, the high cost of construction, and changing water temperatures and aquatic ecosystems downstream of the dam.

The water _____ represents the top of the saturated layer in and on confined aquifer

Table

Indirectly, fossil feels are used in mechanized agriculture for

The manufacture of fertilizers and pesticides

What type of water rights law is utilized in western United States region

The person with the oldest water rights gets all the water he or she wants the four other users can access it

When water is return from its source at a temperature higher than when it was removed it is referred to as ________ pollution

Thermal

Rodenticides are used

To kill organisms that spread disease, and damage crops in the field.

Types of water pollution include

Toxic chemicals, dissolved organic matter, excess nutrients, disease causing organisms.

China has 19% of the worlds population but only 7% of the arable land. Therefore it will be unable to keep up with the surgeon to man for better food and will have to rely on other countries to make up the deficit. True or false?

True

Flood irrigation

Using canals to let water flow over crops

Trickle irrigation

Using pipes to directly deliver water to plant roots

Spray irrigation

Using pumps to disperse water on props

Groundwater pollution for landfills and surface impoundments in the US are common because

Very few are properly lined to prevent leakage of wastes.

Listen example and describe the activated sludge sewage treatment system

Waste water is held in tanks where air is bubbled through it. This method uses a lesser amount of water.

List an example and describe the trickling filter system

Waste water is sprayed on a substrate to increase the amount of dissolved oxygen. This process concentrates organic waste into large particles that settle out of solution

The aqueducts of ancient Rome are early examples of _______, which is reflect today in the water supply systems of New York City and Los Angeles

Water diversion