topic 2

Sherman Antitrust Act

1890 law banning any trust that restrained interstate trade or commerce

Homestead strike of 1892

1892 strike against Carnegie's steelworks in Homestead, Pennsylvania

Captains of Industry

A name given company owners such as Carnegie and Rockefeller by people who believed they steered the economy into prosperity.

The Haymarket Square riot of 1886

At the Haymarket Square a diverse crowd included anarchists or radicals opposed to a government. A protestor threw a bomb, killing a policeman. In the subsequent frenzy, dozens of people, both protestors and policemen, were killed. Eight anarchists were tried for murder, and four were executed.

The new south henry grady

Atlanta news paper editor. Grady thought the south should use its resources to develop industry.

Jacob Riis

He was one of the leading muckrakers of the Progressive Era. Riis;s writing and photographs helped exposed the harsh living conditions in the crowded tenements of New York Cit. Riis's 1890 book, "How the Other Half Lives".

Henry Ford why so famous

Henry Ford (1863-1947) was the founder of the Ford Motor Company. Ford revolutionized the automobile industry with his assembly line and treatment of workers. Ford's Model T ushered in the age of the automobile in the United States.

Mark Twain

Mark Twain (1835-1910) was the pen name for Samuel Langhorne Clemons, an American novelist and humorist who wrote famous works such as Life on the Mississippi , The Adventures of Tom Sawyer , and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn . Twain's stories reflected the American experience as he saw it.

motion pictures/ low brow entertainment/ mass entertainment

Movie theaters, called nickelodeoans, soon introduce motion pictures. Low brow entertainment is a vulgar and unsophisticated type of entertainment.

late nineteenth century-where did most immigrants living in

New York City, San Francisco

Samuel Gompers

Samuel Gompers (1850-1924) was an American labor leader and the first president of the American Federation of Labor. He advocated organized strikes and boycotts to achieve the organization's goals.

Tammany hall

Tammany Hall in new york city or the pendergast machine in kansas city, controlled cities for decades. The political machines worked by winning the loyalty of large immigrant groups by promising, and in some cases, delivering, solutions to problems like poor sanitation or transportation.

Political Bosses

The bosses of these political machines used bribery and violence to influence voters and win elections. They counted on the loyalty of city workers who looked the other way when they took public money for themselves. Bosses also helped solve personal problems, which often kept voters loyal.

Andrew Carnegie in The Gospel of Wealth-message?

The message was that a rich man should not die with his money, he should donate it to charity for the greater good.

Growth of newspaper- why so popular?

The newspaper grew because the literacy rate grew.

The Pullman strike of 1894 -why?

The pullman strike occurred because the pullman palace car company cut the workers wages

push-pull factors

The push factor involves a force which acts to drive people away from a place and the pull factor is what draws them to a new location.

Orville and Wilbur Wright

These brothers were bicycle mechanics from Dayton, Ohio who built and flew the first plane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina on December 17, 1903.

Thomas Edison's laboratory at Menlo Park, New Jersey

With support from wealthy industrialists like J.P Morgan, Edison established a research lab at Menlo Park, New jersey in 1876 and received more then 1000 patents for new inventions/scientific discoveries. 1880-Lightbulb

Steel production

Work Conditions in American Factories- sweatshops, harsh, and dangerous

Political machines

a political party's organization that wins voter loyalty and guarantees power to a small group of leaders, who often abuse it for their own gain.

Mother Jones

a prominent union organizer that helped coordinate major strikes and fought for the union rights of coal miners. She demanded reforms that helped immigrants as well as all laborers.

steel production

big in what part of the country (north-south)

Monopoly

exclusive control by one company over an entire industry

Angel island

immigrant processing station that opened in San Francisco Bay in 1910

Assimilation of Immigrants

immigrants were melted down and reshaped; Americanized.

Nativism

inclination to favor native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants

Bessemer Process

method developed in the mid-nineteeth century for making steel more efficiently

Tenements

multistory buildings divided into apartments to house as many residents as possible

Ashcan School of Painting

style of painting that developed during the Gilded Age that directly represented urban poverty

Vertical integration

system of consolidating firms involved in all steps of a product's manufacture.

The gilded age

term coined by Mark Twain to describe the post-Reconstruction era as a facade of prosperity

Census

the official count of a population

Child Labor

the use of children in industry or business, especially when illegal or considered inhumane. The fair label standard act ended it.

Vaudeville theater

type of show that included dancing, singing, and comedy sketches and became popular in the late nineteenth century

Eugene V. Debs /Pullman strike

violent 1894 railway workers' strike which began outside of Chicago and spread nationwide

Carnegie Steel Company

was a steel producing company primarily created by Andrew Carnegie and several close associates, to manage business at steel mills in the Pittsburg, Pennsylvania area in the The company formed and subsequently sold in 1901 one of the largest ever business transactions to become the major component of the United States steel corporation.