Topic 4 - State of Consciousness - Sample Questions

A few hours of sleep deprivation each night can: A) Build up over time and increase the risk of accidents and injury B) Increase mental acuity but otherwise have no effect on the body C) Improve memory by interrupting the consolidation process D) Result in physical fatigue but have no effect mental processes

A) Build up over time and increase the risk of accidents and injury

Sleep needs _____ over the life span A) Decrease B) Increase C) Fluctuate D) Remain the same

A) Decrease

Which factor is NOT associated with REM sleep? A) Delta-wave activity B) Increase pulse and blood pressure C) Dreaming D) Sexual arousing

A) Delta-wave activity

Tolerance for drugs involves A) Larger doses being required over time to achieve the same effect B) Openness to new experiences C) The initial attraction of drug use D) The decrease of the painful symptoms that accompany withdrawal

A) Larger doses being required over time to achieve the same effect

The expectancy theory proposes that the varied effects of alcohol are determined by: A) People's beliefs about how they think it will influence them in different situations B) The depressant nature of alcohol causing people to reflect on their problems in different ways C) Reduced attention causing people to produce inadequate responses in complex situations D) People's genetic dispositions

A) People's beliefs about how they think it will influence them in different situations

The cycle of sleep and waking is one of the major patterns of human life called A) The circadian rhythm B) The sleep stages C) The altered state of consciousness D) Subliminal perception

A) The circadian rhythm

9) Fran's 4-year-old son awoke at 9:00pm crying and in a panic but did not remember having a dream. It is likely that Fran's son experienced: A) Sleep paralysis B) A night terror C) Narcolepsy D) Sleep Apnea

B) A night terror

Which of the following is NOT a basic property of consciousness? A) Intentionality B) Disunity C) Selectivity D) Transience

B) Disunity

Psychoactive drugs influence consciousness by altering the effects of A) Agonists B) Neurotransmitters C) Amphetamines D) Spinal neurons

B) Neurotransmitters

Which philosopher is recognized for his work on the mind-body problem? A) John Locke B) Rene Descartes C) Voltaire D)Friedrich Nietzsche

B) Rene Descartes

Theta waves are MOST associated with which stage of sleep? A) REM B) Stage 1 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4

B) Stage 1

Drugs that heighten arousal and activity levels by affecting the central nervous system are A) Depressants B) Stimulants C) Narcotics D) Hallucinogens

B) Stimulants

Which explanation of dreams proposes that they are produced when the mind attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs in the brain during sleep? A) Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory B) The Activation-Synthesis Model C) The Cognitive Unconscious Model D) The Manifest Content Framework

B) The Activation-Synthesis Model

Hypnosis has been proven to have a(n) A) Effect on physical strength B) Positive effect on memory retrieval C) Analgesic effect D) Age-regression effect

C) Analgesic effect

fMRI studies of the dreaming brain do NOT reveal A) Increased sensitivity to emotions B) Activations associated with visual activity C) Increased capacity of planning D) Prevention of moving

C) Increased capacity of planning

During dreaming, the dreamer _____ changes in emotion, thought and sensation A) Is skeptical of B) Is completely unconscious of C) Uncritically accepts D) Views objectively

C) Uncritically accepts

In the context of drug addiction, which question pertains to psychological dependence? A) Can taking too much of the drug cause injury and death B) Will stopping the drug make users sick? C) Will users crave the drug if they stop? D) Is drug addiction genetically determined

C) Will users crave the drug if they stop?

Which statement is TRUE of drug tolerance? A) With continued use, lesser amounts of a drug are needed to produce the same effect B) Discontinuing drug use produces physical sickness C) With continued use, the same dose of a drug has less of an effect D) With continued use, a person begins to crave the drug less

C) With continued use, the same dose of a drug has less of an effect

The _____ unconscious is at work when subliminal and unconscious processes influence thought and behavior A) Minimal B) Repressive C) Dynamic D) Cognitive

D) Cognitive

Which individual is LEAST likely to be good candidate for hypnosis? A) Jake, who spends lots of time watching movies B) Ava, who is convinced she is easily hypnotizable C) Evan, who has an active, vivid imagination D) Isabel, who loves to play sports

D) Isabel, who loves to play sports

Alcohol expectancy refers to A) Alcohol's initial effects of euphoria and reduced anxiety B) The widespread acceptance of alcohol as a socially approved substance C) Alcohol leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations D) People's beliefs about how alcohol will influence them in particular situations

D) People's beliefs about how alcohol will influence them in particular situations

People who constantly worry about their future often consciously engage in which mental control strategy in an attempt to alleviate their anxiety A) Projection B) Repression C) Hypnosis D) Thought Suppression

D) Thought Suppression

Unless he is concentrating on something, Chad's mind tends to wander from one topic to the next, illustrating which aspect of consciousness? A) Intentionality B) Unity C) Selectivity D) Transience

D) Transience

Currently, unconscious processes are understood as A) A concentrated pattern of thought suppression B) A hidden system of memories, instincts and desires C) A blank slate D) Unexperienced mental processes that give rise to thoughts and behavior

D) Unexperienced mental processes that give rise to thoughts and behavior

A few hours of sleep deprivation each night can: a. build up over time, causing potentially serious physical and mental harm. b. reduce mental acuity but otherwise have no effect on the body. c. improve memory by interrupting the consolidation process. d. result in physical fatigue but have no effect on mental processes.

a. build up over time, causing potentially serious physical and mental harm.

Which of these is NOT associated with REM sleep? a. delta-wave activity b. increased pulse and blood pressure c. dreaming d. blood flow to sexual organs

a. delta-wave activity

The _____ suggests that marijuana use is linked to the use of other, more dangerous drugs. a. gateway hypothesis b. amotivational syndrome c. contingency hypothesis d. higher use syndrome

a. gateway hypothesis

Both cocaine and amphetamines act on the nervous system by a. increasing the activity in the sympathetic nervous system. b. decreasing the activity in the pain and sleep centers. c. reducing the activity in the sympathetic nervous system. d. calming the central nervous system and stimulating the brain.

a. increasing the activity in the sympathetic nervous system.

Which of the following is likely to lead to an increase in shift workers' productivity and health? a. revised rotating shift pattern of several weeks at one shift and then rotated to a later shift for the next several weeks b. standard rotating shift pattern of 5 days followed 2 days later by rotation to earlier shift c. revised shifts that were made randomly by ignoring any patterns in circadian rhythms d. standard rotating shift pattern of 7 days followed 2 days later by rotation to earlier shift

a. revised rotating shift pattern of several weeks at one shift and then rotated to a later shift for the next several weeks

Which of the following is most likely to be affected by strenuous physical activity during the day? a. Stage 2 sleep spindles b. Stage 4 deep sleep c. Stage 1 sleep d. REM sleep e. dream content

b. Stage 4 deep sleep

What happens when an individual deprived of REM sleep is finally allowed to have uninterrupted sleep? a. They experience an increase in self-esteem. b. They experience REM rebound. c. They are less susceptible to pain. d. They dream of getting more sleep. e. They experience an increase in their IQ.

b. They experience REM rebound.

If someone takes a drug out of a strong desire to feel its effects and a fear of facing life without it, the person has developed a. a physiological dependence on the drug. b. a psychological dependence on the drug. c. a medical condition for which the drug is the treatment. d. a hallucinogenic factor in the use of the drug. e. a physical dependence.

b. a psychological dependence on the drug.

Stimulants a. increase problems with ADHD. b. can effectively treat narcolepsy. c. reduce energy levels for most people. d. are often prescribed to reduce anxiety. e. slow central nervous system activity.

b. can effectively treat narcolepsy.

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Zachary experienced a diminished appetite, an increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Zachary most likely experienced the effects of: a. heroin. b. cocaine. c. LSD. d. marijuana.

b. cocaine.

Activation-synthesis model of dreams is to the psychoanalytic theory of dreams as: a. beta waves are to delta waves. b. meaning is to camouflage c. outward is to inward. d. smoke screen is to hidden trap door.

b. meaning is to camouflage

Which drug is an opiate? a. cocaine b. morphine c. THC d. MDMA

b. morphine

Which of the following statements about REM sleep is true? a. It occurs once each night, approximately in the middle of your sleep period. b. It occurs once each night, usually right before you wake up. c. It alternates throughout the night with other stages of sleep and tends to increase in duration throughout the night. You are correct,91% of the class in Spring 2002 knew this one also d. It alternates throughout the night with other stages of sleep and tends to decrease in duration throughout the night.

c. It alternates throughout the night with other stages of sleep and tends to increase in duration throughout the night.

To test whether elephants have a conscious self, researchers marked an "X" on the top of an elephant's trunk with white paint and placed a large mirror in front of the animal. What behavior demonstrates that the elephant had reached the level of self-consciousness? a. The elephant touches the mirror with its trunk. b. The elephant touches the white "X" on its reflection in the mirror. c. The elephant touches the white "X" on itself. d. The elephant roars when it sees the white "X" in the mirror.

c. The elephant touches the white "X" on itself.

Which question pertains to psychological drug dependence? a. Can taking too much cause injury and death? b. Will stopping make users sick? c. Will users crave the drug if they stop? d. Is drug addiction genetically determined?

c. Will users crave the drug if they stop?

If someone takes a drug out of a strong desire to feel its effects and a fear of facing life without it a. a physiological dependence on the drug. b. a hallucinogenic factor in the use of the drug. c. a psychological dependence on the drug. d. a medical condition for which the drug is treatment.

c. a psychological dependence on the drug.

Because dreams are often populated with anxiety-producing images (for example, heights, monsters, major exams for which you forgot to study, being naked in public), it is not surprising to find that the _____ is quite active during REM sleep. a. pituitary gland b. prefrontal cortex c. amygdala d. hypothalamus

c. amygdala

The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to: a. feel increased feelings of shame. b. hide the drug abuse from public view. c. feel powerless to overcome the addiction. d. become victims of social hostility and prejudice.

c. feel powerless to overcome the addiction.

The most rapid increase in drug tolerance is likely to be experienced by the regular user of: a. marijuana. b. caffeine. c. heroin. d. barbiturates.

c. heroin

Many experts view nicotine as a. not at all addictive. b. addictive c. highly addictive. d. addictive

c. highly addictive.

The absence of a hypothalamic neural center that produces hypocretin has been linked to: a. insomnia. b. sleep apnea. c. narcolepsy. d. night terrors.

c. narcolepsy.

Before this question asked about it, the awareness of how your socks feel against your toes was a part of your a. conscious. b. unconscious. c. subconscious. d. preconscious. e. nonconscious.

c. subconscious. d. preconscious.

While in the REM phase of sleep, a. your mental activity focuses on ordinary daily events. b. you may sleep walk and sleep talk. c. your voluntary muscles are immobilized in sleep paralysis. d. you experience sleep spindles. e. you are likely to act out your dreams.

c. your voluntary muscles are immobilized in sleep paralysis.

Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia? a. Awaken at the same time every day even if you have had a restless night. b. Drink a glass of milk 15 minutes before bedtime. c. Avoid taking short naps during the day. d. Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime. e. Don't engage in strenuous physical exercise just before bedtime.

d. Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime.

A dangerous biological effect of sleep apnea for adults is a. lower back pain. b. heart stoppage. c. migraine. d. elevated blood pressure. e. loss of muscle tone.

d. elevated blood pressure.

Troy's roommates were surprised when they found him walking around the kitchen at 3:00 a.m. trying to make breakfast, especially because he was still asleep! Troy MOST likely suffers from: a. night terrors. b. insomnia. c. sleep paralysis. d. somnambulism.

d. somnambulism.

The activation-synthesis model proposes that dreams are: a. the results of reliving day-to-day activities. b. how the mind deals with unacceptable wishes and desires. c. the manifestations of suppressed thoughts. d. what the mind creates to make sense of the random neural activity associated with sleep.

d. what the mind creates to make sense of the random neural activity associated with sleep.