Transcription and Translation
Codon
3 nucleotides sequence that correspondes to a specific amino acid found in mRNA
Genome
A cell builds its proteins from the Instructions encoded in its _________.
Gene
A section of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule.
Gene
A segment of DNA that holds the recipe for protein
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
A short-lived RNA molecule that carries encoded information transcribed from DNA.
MRNA
Basic type of RNA
Genetic code
Code where 3 nucleotides corresponds to a specific amino acids
Enzymes/degrade
Cytoplasm has many ____________ and many of which __________ nuclecic acids.
Intons
DNA sequences that are not part of recipe for protein
Makes RNA copy
During "turning on" a gene what happens
Translation
During which process is protein made?
Transcription
During which process is the cell getting ready to make protein
Reasons for introns
Flexibility to our DNA, Evolutionary leftover
23
How many chromosomes does each normal human egg and sperm have?
46
How many chromosomes to human body (somatic) cells have?
2
How many subunits do ribosomes have?
Guanine
In DNA cytosine (C) is base paired with
A copy of DNA
In DNA replication, when a cell divides the new cell must have a what?
Adenine
In DNA thymine (T) is basepaired with
Translation
In DNa guanine (G) is base paired with
Adenine
In RNA consensus sequence thymine is basepaired with
Uracil
In RNA consensus squence adenine is base paired with
Thymine
In a DNA molecule adenine (A) is base paired with?
Step 5
In translation which step is, the first tRNA leaves the ribosomes moves down the mRNA and a new tRNA moves into position
Translation
In what process in the first step does the tRNA with the anitcodon load its specific amino acid and the ribosome subunit assemble on an mRNA
Transcription
In what process in the third step is, when the entire gene has been transcribed then the RNA leaves the DNA molecule and DNA rezips
DNA replication
In what process is the second step the free nucleotides in the nucleus bond with the unzipped nucleotides in the DNA molecule
Translation
In what process is the second step the tRna with the anticodon that is consensus sequence for the first codo on mRNA comes to the ribosome and the basepairs with the mRNA
Transcription
In what process is the second step, enzymes are going to base-pair free RNA nucleotides from the nucleus to the unzipped part of the DNA starting at the promoter regions
Translation
In what process is the third step, another tRNA bring its amino acids to ribosomes and base pairs mRNA codon
DNA replication
In what process is the third step, countine step 2 until the entire strand of DNA is replicated
Transciption
In which process is a special feature "turning on" and "turning off" gene ?
5'---->3' direction
Just like DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase performs a template-directed synthesis in the:
Three
MRNA codons are read in groups of _______________ nucleotides
Transcription
Name the process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA.
Chromosome
One strand of DNA that holds the recipe for one protein
Translation
Protein synthesis
last step in transcription
RNA molecules move out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm
tRNA
Read mRNA codons using anticodons and assemble amino acids in the proper sequence to make a protein
Exon
Segment of DNA that does code for protein
Promoter regions
Segments of DNA that signal the start of transcription
DNA replication
Semi-conservative" best describes which process?
Promoter regions, RNA processing
Special features for transcription
Genetic code, 3 types of RNA
Special features for translation are
Add a guanine cap, Remove intons, Add a poly tail
Three modifications of RNA occur so it can survive in cytoplasm and make protein
X-ray Crystallography
To understand the structure of RNA polymerase, which technique did researchers employ to view this enzyme?
MRNA
Type of RNA that finds codons
RRNA
Type of RNA that is the ribosome RNA
DNA molecule
What does DNA replication start with?
Help RNA attach to ribosome
What does adding a guanine cap do for RNA in the cytoplasm
Stabilizes RNA to help messages survive nucleases
What does adding a poly tail do for RNA in the cytoplasm
Allows our DNA to be flexible
What does removing intons do for RNA in the cytoplasm?
DNA molecule
What does transcription start with?
RNA molecule
What does translation start with?
2 identical DNA molecules
What is produced in DNA replication?
RNA molecule
What is produced in transcription?
Protein
What is produced in translation?
Whole thing disassembles
What is the last step in translation?
Nucleus
Where does DNA replication occur?
Nucleus
Where does transciption occur?
Cytoplasm
Where does translation occur?
Translation
Which process is a peptide bond form between amino acids
Step 4
Which step is a peptide bond formed
MRNA
Which type of RNA have codons
Semi-conservative
means that each new dna molecule produced has half old nucleotides and half new nucleutides
Anticodon
The 3 nucleotides sequence that is the consensus sequence to the codon on the mRNA
Transcription,DNA replication
The first step is enzymes unzip and unwind the DNA helix applies to which processes
Message
The genetic code is the
Recipe for protein
The message in RNA is
A copy of DNA
The messenger RNA
Transcription
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.
TRNA
The transfer RNA
TRNA
The type of RNA that carries the amino acid to the site of protein synthesis is
TRNA
The type of RNA that has an anticodon on it is
RRNA
The type of RNA that makes up the ribosome is
