Transition Metals

first transition series

3d

second transition series

4d

third transition series

5d

Group ______ are known as the platinum metals.

8B

What are the four elements that only the +1 oxidation states are important?

Ag, Cu, Au, Hg

What three elements ONLY have oxidation states of +3?

Y, Sc, La

Stability in higher oxidation states is generally attributed to the increased _______ ______ of the elements, which make the d-orbital electrons more ______.

atomic size, available

With increasing oxidation number of a TM, its oxides typically become less ______ and more ______.

basic, acidic

Liquation is used on both ______ and ______.

bismuth, copper

Iron can be refined and processed in a ______ ______.

blast furnace

Which elements are the exceptions to the general characteristics of the transition metals?

cadmium, zinc, mercury

Cu2S

chalcocite

CuFeS2

chalcopyrite

Au, Ag, and Cu are known as the _______ metals because they aren't easily oxidized.

coinage

Many compounds of TMs are both _______ and ______ due to unpaired electrons.

colored, paramagnetic

Metal halides or oxides with higher oxidation states (4, 5, 6) are ______.

covalent

What are the five d-orbitals called?

dxy, dxz, dyz, dx2y2, dz2

What process is used to refine most TMs?

electrolytic reduction

Iron mixed with a rare earth metal are used to make _____ for lighters, also called a ______ metal.

flint, Misch

Copper is refined by _______.

flotation

What is slag formed from?

gangue, flux

Transition metals are ______ conductors of heat and electricity.

good

TMs can form anhydrous metal _______.

halides

Fe2O3

hematite

Generally transition metal have ______ boiling and melting points, heats of fusion and vaporization.

high

AgCl

horn silver

Separating a metal from another metal by dissolving it in aqueous solution and precipitating it out as a free complex through use of a reducing agent is known as ________.

hydrometallurgy

Metal halides or oxides with lower oxidation states (1, 2, or 3) are _______.

ionic

inner-transition series (f-block)

lanthanides, actinides

If a metal halides is heated with an additional metal, a metal halide of a ______ oxidation state will form.

lower

Iron can be physically separated from another metal through _________ separation.

magnetic

Fe3O4

magnetite

What transition metal is liquid at room temp?

mercury

Amalgamation is a process where ______ is used to dissolve _____ or _____

mercury, silver, gold

Most TM are found in nature as metal _______ or _______.

oxides, sulfides

A _______ treatment is one that removes unwanted materials from a metal.

preliminary

The three stages to purifying a metal are ________ treatments, __________, and _________.

preliminary, smelting, refining

FeS2

pyrite (fool's gold)

Lanthanides are also known as the _______ _______ elements.

rare earth

_______ is another name for the purification of a TM.

refining

Rutile TiO2 is found in _____.

sand

Ag2S

silver sulfide

______ is an extraction of metal when it is in a liquefied state where the metal compound is reduced to just the pure metal.

smelting

TiCl4 is found in ______ ______.

smoke screens

A high oxidation state tends to mean that the TM is more _________.

stable

magnetite + silica

taconite

Artificial hip joints, airplane engines, and steel alloys all utilize _______.

titanium

The platinum metals are fairly _______ and don't form stable _____ or simple ______ in water.

unreactive, oxyanions, cations

Nuclear energy, the dye industry, and yellow glazes are all associated with _______.

uranium

TiO2 is used to make _____ _______.

white paint

Super conducters, YAG lasers, microwaves, and red phosphors found in TV tubes all use _____.

yttrium