Transition Metals
first transition series
3d
second transition series
4d
third transition series
5d
Group ______ are known as the platinum metals.
8B
What are the four elements that only the +1 oxidation states are important?
Ag, Cu, Au, Hg
What three elements ONLY have oxidation states of +3?
Y, Sc, La
Stability in higher oxidation states is generally attributed to the increased _______ ______ of the elements, which make the d-orbital electrons more ______.
atomic size, available
With increasing oxidation number of a TM, its oxides typically become less ______ and more ______.
basic, acidic
Liquation is used on both ______ and ______.
bismuth, copper
Iron can be refined and processed in a ______ ______.
blast furnace
Which elements are the exceptions to the general characteristics of the transition metals?
cadmium, zinc, mercury
Cu2S
chalcocite
CuFeS2
chalcopyrite
Au, Ag, and Cu are known as the _______ metals because they aren't easily oxidized.
coinage
Many compounds of TMs are both _______ and ______ due to unpaired electrons.
colored, paramagnetic
Metal halides or oxides with higher oxidation states (4, 5, 6) are ______.
covalent
What are the five d-orbitals called?
dxy, dxz, dyz, dx2y2, dz2
What process is used to refine most TMs?
electrolytic reduction
Iron mixed with a rare earth metal are used to make _____ for lighters, also called a ______ metal.
flint, Misch
Copper is refined by _______.
flotation
What is slag formed from?
gangue, flux
Transition metals are ______ conductors of heat and electricity.
good
TMs can form anhydrous metal _______.
halides
Fe2O3
hematite
Generally transition metal have ______ boiling and melting points, heats of fusion and vaporization.
high
AgCl
horn silver
Separating a metal from another metal by dissolving it in aqueous solution and precipitating it out as a free complex through use of a reducing agent is known as ________.
hydrometallurgy
Metal halides or oxides with lower oxidation states (1, 2, or 3) are _______.
ionic
inner-transition series (f-block)
lanthanides, actinides
If a metal halides is heated with an additional metal, a metal halide of a ______ oxidation state will form.
lower
Iron can be physically separated from another metal through _________ separation.
magnetic
Fe3O4
magnetite
What transition metal is liquid at room temp?
mercury
Amalgamation is a process where ______ is used to dissolve _____ or _____
mercury, silver, gold
Most TM are found in nature as metal _______ or _______.
oxides, sulfides
A _______ treatment is one that removes unwanted materials from a metal.
preliminary
The three stages to purifying a metal are ________ treatments, __________, and _________.
preliminary, smelting, refining
FeS2
pyrite (fool's gold)
Lanthanides are also known as the _______ _______ elements.
rare earth
_______ is another name for the purification of a TM.
refining
Rutile TiO2 is found in _____.
sand
Ag2S
silver sulfide
______ is an extraction of metal when it is in a liquefied state where the metal compound is reduced to just the pure metal.
smelting
TiCl4 is found in ______ ______.
smoke screens
A high oxidation state tends to mean that the TM is more _________.
stable
magnetite + silica
taconite
Artificial hip joints, airplane engines, and steel alloys all utilize _______.
titanium
The platinum metals are fairly _______ and don't form stable _____ or simple ______ in water.
unreactive, oxyanions, cations
Nuclear energy, the dye industry, and yellow glazes are all associated with _______.
uranium
TiO2 is used to make _____ _______.
white paint
Super conducters, YAG lasers, microwaves, and red phosphors found in TV tubes all use _____.
yttrium
