Trends in Management Final
Neutral
"You'll get over it" is an example of which type of defensive message?
Personal strength
All of the following are elements of authentic followership EXCEPT:
True
All stakeholders have intrinsic value according to Kant's Categorical Imperative.
Competence
Amy believes she can carry out the task assigned by her supervisor. This is which element of psychological empowerment?
False
An integrative approach to bargaining encourages unethical behavior.
Interactional justice
An organization wants to treat its members with dignity and respect. This would be an example of:
Acknowledgement that an offense has occurred
Any ethical apology begins with
False
Aristotle lays out specific rules for making ethical decisions.
False
As a leader, state your position on an issue early in the group's discussion.
Dissent
Donna decides to blow the whistle on corruption in her organization, believing that doing so will benefit the public. Donna is addressing which component of whistle-blowing?
False
Feminine/low power distance/low uncertainty avoidance cultures are generally more corrupt.
True
Hard power is linked to organizational position.
True
Having too little power can lead to unethical behavior.
Challenge of Consistency
Julie must decide if she should allow one of her employees to violate company policy to go on vacation. She is faced with which type of ethical leadership challenge?
False
Justice as Fairness theory balances freedom and liberty
Complain to his supervisor about his work environment
Justin struggles with enjoying his job. Which option would NOT be a positive step of action for him to increase his job satisfaction?
False
Most cultures put a strong emphasis on the moral foundations of reducing harm and promoting autonomy.
Conventional
Most people are at what level of moral development
True
Most people tend to overestimate how ethical they are.
True
Norms generally exert more influence over behavior than formal rules and policies.
Industry practice
On the ethics marketing continuum, which of these is closest to the buyer beware or Caveat Emptor level?
True
Organizational commitment is greatest in caring ethical climates.
True
Organizational stewards develop transactional relationships with their organizations.
True
Person-organization fit describes the degree of compatibility and his or her work environment.
A term to describe acceptance of inequality between social classes
Power distance is described as:
False
Research suggest that the moral reasoning of men differs from the moral reasoning of women.
Threatening resignation
Research suggests that _____________ is the least effective way to express dissent.
Acknowledge and try to correct ethical problems Admit their duties to followers Hold themselves to the same standards as their followers
Responsible leaders:
Individualistic orientation
Ryan is taking his Introduction to Business course pass/fail. As a result, he puts only minimal effort into his class team's project. He reflects a
Conventional
Self-doubt is Most apparent in which stage of spiritual development?
The tendency of an individual to ease their efforts when the rest of the group is working
Social loafing is:
False
Socially responsible corporations can count on generating higher profits.
False
Some forms of power are inherently immoral.
Transformational leader
Stefanie had a way of empowering her staff. If a problem arose, Stefanie dealt with the issue head on while also inspiring those around her. Stephanie is an example of a:
Guiding priniciples
Values are considered to be
True
Vocational calling encompasses life both on and off the job.
Information
What is the most important resource for empowerment?
Procedural
What type of justice is MOST important in the hiring process?
True
When an ethical code acts like a mirror, it confirms whether or not a behavior is acceptable.
False
When changing ethical culture, choose one component to focus on.
Ethics of care
Which approach is based on concern for specific individuals?
Output
Which channel communicates self-fulfilling prophecies through giving high performers more opportunity to speak, to offer their opinions and to disagree?
Collaboration
Which conflict style usually produces the best opportunity for agreement and usually proves to have successful results?
Utilitarianism
Which ethical perspective argues that decisions should be based on what does the most good for the greatest number of people?
Kant's Catergorical Imperative
Which ethical perspective emphasizes choices based on duty?
Reacts to destructive behavior
Which is NOT a characteristic of an ethically transformed organization?
Norms
Which is NOT a formal element of ethics culture for an organization?
Conflict can promote personal and relational growth
Which is a true statement?
Economic
Which is the foundational (first) level of business responsibilities according to the CSR Pyramid?
Service learning
Which of the following is a Direct approach to character development?
Should be part of every organization's ethical culture
Which of the following is a true statement about codes of ethics?
Fiduciary Principle Citizenship Principle Fairness Principle
Which of the following is universally found in corporate codes of conduct?
John Rawls
Which theorist is associated with Justice as Fairness theory?
Moral Foundations Theory
Which theory was developed to help explain ethical and moral differences between cultures?
Insular
Which type of bad leader only cares about her/his immediate followers?
Conformist
Which type of followers is enthusiastic but has to be told what to do?
Coalition
Which type of proactive influence tactic enlists the help and support of others?
Integrate multiple perspectives Find a better solution to a dilemma New insights for better decision-making
Why should you practice ethical pluralism?
Technical dialogue
You can expect to spend most of your time in an organization sending which type of messages?
Mission statements
_____________ outline an organization's reason for being
Masculine
______________ cultures have clearly defined roles for men and women.
Incrementalism
______________ describes how employees gradually move up the ladder of corruption during the socialization process.
False
It is possible to unintentionally lie.
Low instrumentality
Joe liked his group members but he lacked confidence in his team to finish the project. This is an example of:
Evaluating
Judging the truth of a message comes at which stage of the HURIER listening model?
Treating humanity as an end
A boss bullying an employee is violating which ethical principle?
Major/intentional trust betrayal
A boss lying to a group of employees about the true condition of the company is an example of
Placement
A company charged with bribing a supermarket to put its products at the end of an aisle has an ethical issue with
Social Learning
According to ___________________ theory, followers emulate the ethics of their leaders.
A corporation's primary responsibility is to its shareholders
According to agency theory
False
According to the Categorical Imperative, acts can be judged as moral or immoral based on their consequences.
True
According to the Caux principles, nonprofits (NGOs) have to be MOST concerned about integrity.
True
Action-oriented listeners focus on the task at hand
False
Activist followers may either support or oppose their leaders.
Action-oriented
Alan's team has trouble staying on task. What listening style should he employ with his group?
False
Being engaged makes someone a good follower.
Collectivism
Diago is scheduled to get an award for his performance at work but is nervous that this honor will separate him from the rest of his group. Diago apparently puts a high value on
False
Dialogue involves venting emotions
Content-oriented listener
Bob was struggling to make a decision. He had a ton of information that he had compiled from the team and he was feeling bogged down in the details. Which category of listener was he expressing?
True
Bringing in outsiders is one way to stop the escalation of commitment.
Determining your unique gifts
Discovering your vocation begins with
Responsibility
Cam believes arriving to work 15 minutes early is extremely important to his work ethic. What value is Cam exercising?
Meet with the supervisor one-on-one to ask questions about the supervisor's perspective on the project.
Carmelita noticed her supervisor was micromanaging the project, which felt very controlling. In efforts to be a contributing team member, Carmelita might find it BEST to choose to:
False
Copyright laws are more common in collectivist societies than in individualistic societies.
Sustainability
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" is the definition of
Acquisitive/direct
Eduardo tries to look competent by talking about his internship experience during an interview for an accounting job. He is using which type of impression management technique?
False
Emotions should be kept separate from reasoning
False
Employees should be viewed as one of an organization's resources like raw materials and money.
Promotion
Ethical issues related to advertising and product placement are related to which element of marketing?
False
Externally oriented individuals are more likely to persist in ethical tasks than internally oriented people.
False
Extraversion is a moral virtue
Competing
If Heather likes to produce rapid results and prod her co-workers in the process, her conflict style might be considered:
Listen to others and how they handled their moral dilemmas Look for an innovative way to respond to a scenario Pay attention to her own feelings and emotions in a given scenario
If Makena wanted to grow in her ethical sensitivity, a positive step would be:
True
Impulsive, selfish people are often identified as leaders by others.
False
In discourse ethics, parties should have different levels of power and standing.
True
In focusing on what's best for the group as a whole, Utilitarianism discounts the worth of the individual
The illusion of unanimity
In groupthink, which is a sign of group pressure?
True
In the United States, employers are generally allowed to fire individuals without providing specific reasons.
Unethical people; unethical organizations
In the book, "bad apples" and "bad barrels" are referred to as
Emotions
In the past, scholars and researchers did not include _________ as part of the moral decision-making process.
Endorsement
In this type of confirming response, one communicator accepts the feelings of the other as legitimate.
False
Interactional justice is particularly important when selecting employees.
False
It is always possible to avoid doing harm when making human resource decisions.
The triple bottom line
It is an increasing trend that organizations should be evaluated on the ____________, that is also known as profit, people, and the planet.
Transformative
Kelsey always knew her company was corporately socially responsible, but she never fully appreciated the full extent that executives integrated this value within the organization. Often short term gains were forgone if it meant a better product for the customer. This is an example of which phase of corporate citizenship:
Stage 1
Kohlberg's stages of moral development, a child obeys the rules of the house in order to avoid a punishment. This is an example of which stage in Kohlberg's moral development theory?
Challenge of Information Management
Manager, Rachel, knows that there will be a reduction in force for the company. Her boss told her not to tell anyone until the executive leadership announces the layoffs. This is an example of:
False
Managing up means exceeding expectations and bring added value to the organization.
Institutionalized
Many laws have been passed regulating smoking. This indicates that the use of tobacco has reached which level of maturity?
Buyer beware
Marketers who put the interests of producers first take a _________________ approach to ethics.
Consent
Matthew felt the company product could be of danger to its consumers. In an effort to prevent any further contaminations in future sales, he pulled the product from the shelves. This is an example of which type of moral imagination?
True
Member of virtual teams are more likely to loaf than in face-to-face teams.
False
Minority opinion improves group decision making effectiveness only if the group changes its collective mind.
True
Mobbing is bullying carried out by a group.
True
Modern information technology has increased the power of followers.
True
Task oriented conflicts can become dysfunctional if they last too long.
Take a few seconds to cool down and think through what's best to say.
Terry's boss just made a degrading remark on his presentation report. What would be a positive FIRST step for Terry?
Mismanaged agreement
The Abilene Paradox is most identified with:
The largest voluntary corporate citizenship group in the world
The UN Global Compact is:
Language
Tim knew his office culture well. The phrase "Customers first" was frequently used in conversations and people were described as "partners." Which informal element of ethics is described above?
True
Time pressures increase the likelihood of poor moral decisions
Insecurity
The forecasting team needed direction and decisions from their manager, Kathy. They were already 2 days overdue on the project deadline. Kathy didn't want to disappoint any of her colleagues and she was trying to people please all of her co-workers, even to the point of a late project. Which negative motivating factor did Kathy demonstrate?
True
The least effective leaders are passive-avoidant.
False
The media become aware of a social issue during its consolidating stage.
True
The rate of sexual harassment experienced by female college students is roughly the same as that encountered by female workers.
Challenge of Cynicism
The staff felt very skeptical of their boss. Frequently, they would complain and critique new policies as though they were tabloid magazines. A new employee, Jessica, found that the staff struggled with the:
Self-interest and role conflict
The two most important causes of organizational lying are:
Exemplary Follower
This type of follower is often seen as an individual who takes initiative and can think for him or herself.
False
Transformational leaders avoid transactional leadership tactics
False
Treating some followers better than others is a failure to meet the challenge of information management