Trends in Management Final

Neutral

"You'll get over it" is an example of which type of defensive message?

Personal strength

All of the following are elements of authentic followership EXCEPT:

True

All stakeholders have intrinsic value according to Kant's Categorical Imperative.

Competence

Amy believes she can carry out the task assigned by her supervisor. This is which element of psychological empowerment?

False

An integrative approach to bargaining encourages unethical behavior.

Interactional justice

An organization wants to treat its members with dignity and respect. This would be an example of:

Acknowledgement that an offense has occurred

Any ethical apology begins with

False

Aristotle lays out specific rules for making ethical decisions.

False

As a leader, state your position on an issue early in the group's discussion.

Dissent

Donna decides to blow the whistle on corruption in her organization, believing that doing so will benefit the public. Donna is addressing which component of whistle-blowing?

False

Feminine/low power distance/low uncertainty avoidance cultures are generally more corrupt.

True

Hard power is linked to organizational position.

True

Having too little power can lead to unethical behavior.

Challenge of Consistency

Julie must decide if she should allow one of her employees to violate company policy to go on vacation. She is faced with which type of ethical leadership challenge?

False

Justice as Fairness theory balances freedom and liberty

Complain to his supervisor about his work environment

Justin struggles with enjoying his job. Which option would NOT be a positive step of action for him to increase his job satisfaction?

False

Most cultures put a strong emphasis on the moral foundations of reducing harm and promoting autonomy.

Conventional

Most people are at what level of moral development

True

Most people tend to overestimate how ethical they are.

True

Norms generally exert more influence over behavior than formal rules and policies.

Industry practice

On the ethics marketing continuum, which of these is closest to the buyer beware or Caveat Emptor level?

True

Organizational commitment is greatest in caring ethical climates.

True

Organizational stewards develop transactional relationships with their organizations.

True

Person-organization fit describes the degree of compatibility and his or her work environment.

A term to describe acceptance of inequality between social classes

Power distance is described as:

False

Research suggest that the moral reasoning of men differs from the moral reasoning of women.

Threatening resignation

Research suggests that _____________ is the least effective way to express dissent.

Acknowledge and try to correct ethical problems Admit their duties to followers Hold themselves to the same standards as their followers

Responsible leaders:

Individualistic orientation

Ryan is taking his Introduction to Business course pass/fail. As a result, he puts only minimal effort into his class team's project. He reflects a

Conventional

Self-doubt is Most apparent in which stage of spiritual development?

The tendency of an individual to ease their efforts when the rest of the group is working

Social loafing is:

False

Socially responsible corporations can count on generating higher profits.

False

Some forms of power are inherently immoral.

Transformational leader

Stefanie had a way of empowering her staff. If a problem arose, Stefanie dealt with the issue head on while also inspiring those around her. Stephanie is an example of a:

Guiding priniciples

Values are considered to be

True

Vocational calling encompasses life both on and off the job.

Information

What is the most important resource for empowerment?

Procedural

What type of justice is MOST important in the hiring process?

True

When an ethical code acts like a mirror, it confirms whether or not a behavior is acceptable.

False

When changing ethical culture, choose one component to focus on.

Ethics of care

Which approach is based on concern for specific individuals?

Output

Which channel communicates self-fulfilling prophecies through giving high performers more opportunity to speak, to offer their opinions and to disagree?

Collaboration

Which conflict style usually produces the best opportunity for agreement and usually proves to have successful results?

Utilitarianism

Which ethical perspective argues that decisions should be based on what does the most good for the greatest number of people?

Kant's Catergorical Imperative

Which ethical perspective emphasizes choices based on duty?

Reacts to destructive behavior

Which is NOT a characteristic of an ethically transformed organization?

Norms

Which is NOT a formal element of ethics culture for an organization?

Conflict can promote personal and relational growth

Which is a true statement?

Economic

Which is the foundational (first) level of business responsibilities according to the CSR Pyramid?

Service learning

Which of the following is a Direct approach to character development?

Should be part of every organization's ethical culture

Which of the following is a true statement about codes of ethics?

Fiduciary Principle Citizenship Principle Fairness Principle

Which of the following is universally found in corporate codes of conduct?

John Rawls

Which theorist is associated with Justice as Fairness theory?

Moral Foundations Theory

Which theory was developed to help explain ethical and moral differences between cultures?

Insular

Which type of bad leader only cares about her/his immediate followers?

Conformist

Which type of followers is enthusiastic but has to be told what to do?

Coalition

Which type of proactive influence tactic enlists the help and support of others?

Integrate multiple perspectives Find a better solution to a dilemma New insights for better decision-making

Why should you practice ethical pluralism?

Technical dialogue

You can expect to spend most of your time in an organization sending which type of messages?

Mission statements

_____________ outline an organization's reason for being

Masculine

______________ cultures have clearly defined roles for men and women.

Incrementalism

______________ describes how employees gradually move up the ladder of corruption during the socialization process.

False

It is possible to unintentionally lie.

Low instrumentality

Joe liked his group members but he lacked confidence in his team to finish the project. This is an example of:

Evaluating

Judging the truth of a message comes at which stage of the HURIER listening model?

Treating humanity as an end

A boss bullying an employee is violating which ethical principle?

Major/intentional trust betrayal

A boss lying to a group of employees about the true condition of the company is an example of

Placement

A company charged with bribing a supermarket to put its products at the end of an aisle has an ethical issue with

Social Learning

According to ___________________ theory, followers emulate the ethics of their leaders.

A corporation's primary responsibility is to its shareholders

According to agency theory

False

According to the Categorical Imperative, acts can be judged as moral or immoral based on their consequences.

True

According to the Caux principles, nonprofits (NGOs) have to be MOST concerned about integrity.

True

Action-oriented listeners focus on the task at hand

False

Activist followers may either support or oppose their leaders.

Action-oriented

Alan's team has trouble staying on task. What listening style should he employ with his group?

False

Being engaged makes someone a good follower.

Collectivism

Diago is scheduled to get an award for his performance at work but is nervous that this honor will separate him from the rest of his group. Diago apparently puts a high value on

False

Dialogue involves venting emotions

Content-oriented listener

Bob was struggling to make a decision. He had a ton of information that he had compiled from the team and he was feeling bogged down in the details. Which category of listener was he expressing?

True

Bringing in outsiders is one way to stop the escalation of commitment.

Determining your unique gifts

Discovering your vocation begins with

Responsibility

Cam believes arriving to work 15 minutes early is extremely important to his work ethic. What value is Cam exercising?

Meet with the supervisor one-on-one to ask questions about the supervisor's perspective on the project.

Carmelita noticed her supervisor was micromanaging the project, which felt very controlling. In efforts to be a contributing team member, Carmelita might find it BEST to choose to:

False

Copyright laws are more common in collectivist societies than in individualistic societies.

Sustainability

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" is the definition of

Acquisitive/direct

Eduardo tries to look competent by talking about his internship experience during an interview for an accounting job. He is using which type of impression management technique?

False

Emotions should be kept separate from reasoning

False

Employees should be viewed as one of an organization's resources like raw materials and money.

Promotion

Ethical issues related to advertising and product placement are related to which element of marketing?

False

Externally oriented individuals are more likely to persist in ethical tasks than internally oriented people.

False

Extraversion is a moral virtue

Competing

If Heather likes to produce rapid results and prod her co-workers in the process, her conflict style might be considered:

Listen to others and how they handled their moral dilemmas Look for an innovative way to respond to a scenario Pay attention to her own feelings and emotions in a given scenario

If Makena wanted to grow in her ethical sensitivity, a positive step would be:

True

Impulsive, selfish people are often identified as leaders by others.

False

In discourse ethics, parties should have different levels of power and standing.

True

In focusing on what's best for the group as a whole, Utilitarianism discounts the worth of the individual

The illusion of unanimity

In groupthink, which is a sign of group pressure?

True

In the United States, employers are generally allowed to fire individuals without providing specific reasons.

Unethical people; unethical organizations

In the book, "bad apples" and "bad barrels" are referred to as

Emotions

In the past, scholars and researchers did not include _________ as part of the moral decision-making process.

Endorsement

In this type of confirming response, one communicator accepts the feelings of the other as legitimate.

False

Interactional justice is particularly important when selecting employees.

False

It is always possible to avoid doing harm when making human resource decisions.

The triple bottom line

It is an increasing trend that organizations should be evaluated on the ____________, that is also known as profit, people, and the planet.

Transformative

Kelsey always knew her company was corporately socially responsible, but she never fully appreciated the full extent that executives integrated this value within the organization. Often short term gains were forgone if it meant a better product for the customer. This is an example of which phase of corporate citizenship:

Stage 1

Kohlberg's stages of moral development, a child obeys the rules of the house in order to avoid a punishment. This is an example of which stage in Kohlberg's moral development theory?

Challenge of Information Management

Manager, Rachel, knows that there will be a reduction in force for the company. Her boss told her not to tell anyone until the executive leadership announces the layoffs. This is an example of:

False

Managing up means exceeding expectations and bring added value to the organization.

Institutionalized

Many laws have been passed regulating smoking. This indicates that the use of tobacco has reached which level of maturity?

Buyer beware

Marketers who put the interests of producers first take a _________________ approach to ethics.

Consent

Matthew felt the company product could be of danger to its consumers. In an effort to prevent any further contaminations in future sales, he pulled the product from the shelves. This is an example of which type of moral imagination?

True

Member of virtual teams are more likely to loaf than in face-to-face teams.

False

Minority opinion improves group decision making effectiveness only if the group changes its collective mind.

True

Mobbing is bullying carried out by a group.

True

Modern information technology has increased the power of followers.

True

Task oriented conflicts can become dysfunctional if they last too long.

Take a few seconds to cool down and think through what's best to say.

Terry's boss just made a degrading remark on his presentation report. What would be a positive FIRST step for Terry?

Mismanaged agreement

The Abilene Paradox is most identified with:

The largest voluntary corporate citizenship group in the world

The UN Global Compact is:

Language

Tim knew his office culture well. The phrase "Customers first" was frequently used in conversations and people were described as "partners." Which informal element of ethics is described above?

True

Time pressures increase the likelihood of poor moral decisions

Insecurity

The forecasting team needed direction and decisions from their manager, Kathy. They were already 2 days overdue on the project deadline. Kathy didn't want to disappoint any of her colleagues and she was trying to people please all of her co-workers, even to the point of a late project. Which negative motivating factor did Kathy demonstrate?

True

The least effective leaders are passive-avoidant.

False

The media become aware of a social issue during its consolidating stage.

True

The rate of sexual harassment experienced by female college students is roughly the same as that encountered by female workers.

Challenge of Cynicism

The staff felt very skeptical of their boss. Frequently, they would complain and critique new policies as though they were tabloid magazines. A new employee, Jessica, found that the staff struggled with the:

Self-interest and role conflict

The two most important causes of organizational lying are:

Exemplary Follower

This type of follower is often seen as an individual who takes initiative and can think for him or herself.

False

Transformational leaders avoid transactional leadership tactics

False

Treating some followers better than others is a failure to meet the challenge of information management