true or false ch 9,10,11,12
All social class groups in America benefit from the globalization of economy in the world today.
F
Although poverty continues, the world has ended the practice of slavery.
F
America is considered the land of opportunity and majority people move upward as long as they try hard to achieve.
F
American is said to be in the Postindustrial period because secondary production activity such as industrial occupations and manufacturing predominates.
F
American people have a higher level of class consciousness than people in other countries.
F
Caste systems are typical of high-income societies
F
China stands out as a country without any social classes.
F
Compared with that of before 1960s, racial/ethnic segregation level is significantly reduced.
F
Culture of poverty argument is supported by empirical studies.
F
Ethnical groups are categorized based solely on objective cultural differences.
F
Gender refers simply to whether people are female or male.
F
Global income is divided more equally than income within the United States.
F
In Margaret Mead argued that gender was mostly a matter of biology rather than culture.
F
In most cases, race and ethnicity refer to the same thing
F
In the United States, social inequality is determined only by people's talents and abilities.
F
In the United States, the share of workers who are members of labor unions is higher today than ever before.
F
In the United States, wealth is distributed more equally than income.
F
In the teaching profession, the share of teachers who are women increases as the grade level taught increases.
F
In world system theory, peripheral nations receive the greatest amount of benefit from the global economy.
F
Intergenerational mobility refers to changes in an individual's social ranking over the course of his or her lifetime.
F
Intergenerational mobility refers to changes in social position within an individual's lifetime.
F
Liberal feminism seeks the elimination of gender itself.
F
Minority and majority groups are distinguished by the numerical size of the groups.
F
Political revolutions tend to occur when and where living standards are the lowest.
F
Race is a term referring to biological differences such as color or other physical differences.
F
Recent welfare reform has greatly reduced the poverty rate in the United States.
F
Research shows that young males have less mathematical ability, but greater verbal ability than young females.
F
Scientific research shows that there are three biologically pure races.
F
Sociologically speaking, a minority is any category that is numerically less than half of a society's population.
F
Sociologists consider Race as an objectively defined term based on physical differences between people.
F
Structural social mobility refers to an individual's upward or downward social movement due to personal effort or, in some cases, good or bad luck
F
Symbolic ethnicity a term used by some sociologists to refer to the strong sense of peoplehood among some ethnic groups.
F
The U.S. has the lowest infant mortality rate of all industrialized countries in the world.
F
The former Soviet Union was a classless society without social stratification.
F
The majority of poor people are a racial/ethnic minority.
F
The socialist revolution Karl Marx predicted took place in most industrial-capitalist societies about a century ago.
F
There are fewer African Americans in the United States than Whites and that is why they are classified as a minority group.
F
There is less economic inequality in the world today than there was a century ago.
F
Throughout history, the slavery system is the most closed system where statuses are permanent, hereditary, and slaves had no legal rights.
F
Two-thirds of all poor people in the United States are African Americans.
F
U.S. society does not have social stratification.
F
Upper-class families are more likely to maintain close relationships with their relatives for social support.
F
You can determine someone's race just by looking at the color of their skin.
F
the global system benefits all nations in the world equally.
F
Combining a market-based economy with an extensive social welfare program yields what is called "welfare capitalism."
T
Compared to poverty in the United States, poverty throughout the world as a whole is more widespread and more severe.
T
Corporate women still encounter a "glass ceiling" that prevents them from being promoted to high levels in the company.
T
Culture of poverty is criticized as a blaming the victim theory by structural sociologists.
T
Democracy and rational-legal authority are linked, just as monarchy and traditional authority are linked.
T
During the twentieth century, the standard of living in high-income countries, where the Industrial Revolution took place, increased dramatically.
T
Even people with income at America's poverty line live better than a majority of the world's people.
T
Evidence from the Israeli kibbutzim suggests that cultures have the ability to define what is masculine and feminine in various ways.
T
Gender affects the opportunities and constraints each of us encounter throughout our lives.
T
George Murdock found that, in the case of many tasks, what one society considers "masculine" another may consider "feminine."
T
High-income countries are the home of the world's largest corporations as well as the world's top financial markets.
T
Huge businesses that operate in many different countries are called multinational corporations.
T
Ideology refers to ideas that support social stratification.
T
In 2011, U.S. women earned 77 cents for every one dollar earned by men.
T
In 2011, the world's three richest individuals each had more wealth than the total economic output of the world's poorest 100 countries.
T
In a totalitarian political system, one political organization claims total control of society.
T
In general, white-collar occupations have more prestige than blue-collar occupations.
T
In low-income nations, inequality between men and women is greater than it is in high-income countries.
T
In low-income nations, population growth is generally very high.
T
In low-income nations, the majority of the people live in villages and small towns where farming is the most common way to make a living.
T
In most poor families in the United States, no family member has a full-time job.
T
In recent decades, William Julius Wilson claims, many central cities no longer have enough jobs to support the families who live there.
T
In terms of relative deprivation, the poor quintile in America receives less income than the poor in poor countries of the world.
T
In the United States in 2011, more than 46 million people were officially counted among the poor.
T
In the United States, African Americans are much more likely than Hispanic Americans to vote in national elections.
T
In the United States, administrative support jobs and service jobs have a high concentration of women.
T
Karl Marx claimed that social stratification in high-income nations, such as the Great Britain and the United States, reflects a capitalist economy.
T
Like race or social class, gender is a major dimension of social stratification.
T
Max Weber said social stratification involved three distinct dimensions: economic class, social prestige, and political power.
T
Modernization theory claims that rich nations can and do help solve the world's poverty problem.
T
Modernization theory focuses on the production of wealth, while dependency theory focuses on the distribution of wealth.
T
Most sociological research suggests that gender is socially constructed and is therefore subject to change.
T
Of all the industrial nations, the United States has the highest rate of young children live in poverty.
T
One criticism of pornography is that it portrays women as weak and undeserving of respect.
T
Over half of the world population live in the third world countries.
T
Peter Blau and Otis Duncan found that fewer than one percent of American move from the bottom to the top of the social hierarchy.
T
Prejudice and discrimination are found in not just individuals, but in the operation of society's institutions.
T
Research with the social distance scale among U.S. college students shows increasing social acceptance of people of various racial and ethnic categories over time.
T
Scientifically there is only one human race with no subcategories or subspecies.
T
Segregation refers to the physical and social separation of categories of people.
T
Sexism is the assertion that one sex is innately superior to the other.
T
Since 1980 in the United States, the most dramatic gains in income have been made by the richest people.
T
Social mobility is more likely in estate systems than in caste systems.
T
Social stratification is a matter of not only inequality, but also beliefs about fairness.
T
Sociologists found that attending prestigious universities in America is based on family social class background more than on academic performance.
T
Sociologists look at race as a mythical idea, a social construction based on social differences rather than biology differences.
T
The Davis-Moore thesis states that social stratification has consequences that are beneficial to society.
T
The Information Revolution requires workers to gain literacy skills in contrast to the mechanical skills that were important during the Industrial Revolution.
T
The age category of the U.S. population most likely to be poor is children and young adults under age twenty-four.
T
The concept "military-industrial complex" refers to the close association among the federal government, the military, and defense industries.
T
The concept of social mobility refers to changes in people's positions in the social hierarchy.
T
The economy organizes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
T
The globalization of economy have the income of the rich in America go up and the poor in America go down.
T
The globalization of the economy has increased the earnings of highly educated people who specialize in law, finance, marketing, and computer technology.
T
The more a society is a meritocracy, the greater the society's level of social mobility.
T
The richest 20 percent of U.S. families earn 48 percent of all income, while the bottom 20 percent earn only about 4 percent.
T
The sociologist closely associated with the power-elite model is C. Wright Mills.
T
The text defines middle-income nations as having per capita income between $2,500 and $12,000 per year.
T
The wealth of rich people is not only greater, but more of it is in the form of investments that typically increase in value and generate income.
T
Theodor Adorno linked extreme prejudice to a certain personality type.
T
Today in America, majority of minority children today attends schools where minority is the majority.
T
Traditional conceptions paint masculine and feminine in opposing terms.
T
WASPs have been the dominant category of the U.S. population through most of this nation's history.
T
Weber described stratification as a complex socioeconomic status ranking.
T
While playing in peer groups, girls are less likely to play the "win-lose" games favored by boys.
T
White ethnics are non-WASPs of European ancestry.
T
social stratification is multidimensional.
T
the poorest 20 percent of the world's people live on just less than 2 percent of the world's income.
T
Social class is the only form of social stratification.
F
The richest 20 percent of the world's people receive 50 percent of the entire world's income.
F
Social class is the process by which people are set apart for unequal access to valuable resources in society.
False
Some forms of marriage found in the world today amount to slavery.
T
Adam Smith's idea was that, in a capitalist system, government tells businesses what to produce and consumers what to buy.
F
According to the World System theory, countries that have primary economy are ranked as core nations.
F
According to the figures provided by sociologists, in the U. S., because of numerous anti-poverty programs, poor people are getting more money than before, and are better-off today than the 1960s.
F
A consistent research finding is that working class people tend to have strong ties with family and a large number of kin in contrast to middle and upper-class people who are more prone to rely on social networks.
T
A set of norms, values, beliefs, and attitudes that trap a small number of people in a permanent cycle of poverty is referred to as the culture of poverty.
T
A social-conflict account of the history of gender stratification was developed by Friedrich Engels.
T
About 20 percent of U.S. families have negative wealth, which means that they are actually in debt.
T
According to Karl Marx, unemployment only exists in capitalist societies because the capitalist class attempts to keep a "reserve labor force".
T
Agricultural production is part of the primary sector of the economy.
T
Although based on physical traits like skin color, the concept of "race" is constructed by society.
T
Although some labor relationships between the high- income nations and the low income nations have been beneficial to both countries, they have also been responsible for greater income inequality between nations.
T
As a result of technology development and post- industrial economy, middle class in America is shrinking.
T
Authoritarian governments give people little voice in politics.
T
Being Greek, Italian, or Vietnamese involves a distinct ethnicity.
T
Charismatic authority is based on extraordinary personal abilities.
T
The pluralist model states that the United States is far less democratic than most people would like to think.
f