Trust, Justice, and Ethics

What is trust propensity?

A general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon

What are the 2 dimensions that Kim Scott describes fosters trust between managers and employees in radical candor?

1. Care Personality - viewing employees as whole human beings - as caring about more than just their skills. 2. Challenge Directly - being truly honest with employees about their performance

What affects trust?

1. Justice 2. Ethics 3. Trustworthiness 4. Trust Propensity 5. Feelings toward trustee

What are the 2 general concerns moral intensity is driven by?

1. The potential for harm is perceived to be high 2. There is social pressure surrounding it

Why has social capital declined according to Putnam: Bowling Alone?

Commuting has increased. Every ten minutes of commuting reduces all forms of social capital by 10%. Attending Club Meetings have dropped by 10%. Family dinners have dropped by 43%. Having friends over has dropped by 35%.

What kind of theory is utilitarianism?

Consequence-based

Why has trust in many companies declined sharply?

Corporate scandals and economic shifts

What does trust depend on?

Justice and ethics

What is the relationship between justice and trust?

Justice-relevant acts can serve as behavioral evidence of trustworthiness.

What are the 2 threads of ethics?

Prescriptive and Descriptive

What kind of theory is liberal individualism?

Rights-based

What was found in Putnam: Bowling Alone?

Social Capital - the very fabric of our own connections with each other, has plummeted, making us worse off.

Moral Intent

The degree of commitment to the moral course of action.

What is Moral Judgement?

The process one uses to determine whether a particular course of action is ethical or unethical.

What is trust?

The willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based on positive expectations about the authority's actions and intentions.

Why does trust affect job performance?

Trust is moderately correlated with task performance

Informational justice is fostered when authorities adhere to two particular rules. What are they?

1. Justification - mandates that authorities explain the decision-making procedures and outcomes in a comprehensive and reasonable manner. 2. Truthfulness - those communications be honest and candid (straightforward)

What is involved in Moral Awareness?

1. Moral Intensity: the degree to which an issue has ethical urgency - potential for harm - social pressure 2. Moral Attentiveness: General tendency to view the world through a moral lens - Encounters ethical dilemmas regularly - Sees the ethical consequences in many decisions - Enjoys thinking about ethical issues

Interpersonal justice is fostered when authorities adhere to 2 particular rules. What are they?

1. Respect - whether authorities treat employees in a dignified and sincere manner 2. Propriety - whether authorities refrain from making improper or offensive remarks

What influences trust propensity?

1. Watching our parents 2. Our own experiences 3. Genetics

What are the characteristics of a trustee that inspire trust?

Ability Benevolence Integrity

Why is trust important?

As trust increases, social exchange relationships develop which lead to lower transaction cost. As trust decreases, so do efficiency and productivity. Cost goes up. - Fair and proper treatment by managers - Relationship based - Greater discretionary effort - Emotional Bond

Why would a company care about trust?

Because of its relation to reputation. Reputation reflects the prominence of a company's brand and the perceived quality of its goods and services. Trust is one of the things reputation depends on.

What is the difference between benevolence and integrity?

Benevolence is the belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives. Integrity is defined as the perception that the authority adheres to a set of values and principles that the trustor finds acceptable.

What kind of trust do we use for most relationships?

Cognition based trust

What kind of trust is trustworthiness based on?

Cognition-based trust

What kind of theory is Communitarianism?

Community-based theory

How do we base whether to trust someone when we first meet them?

Disposition based trust.

What relationship does trust have with early childhood experiences?

Early childhood experiences play a role in determining trust propensity. The more our needs are met as children, the more trusting we become, and vice versa.

What kind of relationships do employees who don't trust their managers have? What is the nature of it?

Economic Exchange Relationships. - Quid Pro Quo Obligations (e.g., impersonal, contractual, etc.) - High Transaction Cost - Minimum effort - Motivated by money

What are the components of the 4 component method of ethical decision making?

Moral Awareness --> Moral Judegement --> Moral Intent --> Ethical Behavior

What moderates the effect of Moral Judgement on Ethical Behavior?

Moral Identity moderates the effect of Moral Judgement on Ethical Behavior.

What is involved in Moral Intent?

Moral Identity: the degree to which a person self-identifies as a moral person

What kind of theory is Kantianism?

Obligation-based

Why are some of us more willing to trust strangers?

Our trust propensities are different.

What can be used to explain whether authorities act in an ethical or unethical manner?

The 4 Component Model of Decision Making

What is trustworthiness?

The characteristics or attributes of a trustee that inspire trust. We gauge the track record of individual along 3 dimensions: 1. Ability 2. Benevolence 3. Integrity

What is ethics?

The degree to which the behaviors of an individual are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms.

What is the difference between trust and risk?

Trust is willing to be vulnerable whereas risk is actually becoming vulnerable.

What are the levels of ethical behavior?

Unethical behavior: breaking the law Merely Ethical behavior: obeying the law Especially ethical behavior: philanthropy; whistl-blowing

In what cases would it be most appropriate to use equity, equality, and need norms?

Use the equity norm to maximize the productivity of individual employees. (In most business situations) In team based work where building harmony and solidarity in work groups is important, the equality norm is suitable (e.g., student groups) In cases where the welfare of a particular employee is the critical concern, a need norm is suitable.

What is Moral Awareness?

When one recognizes that a moral issue exists in a situation or than an ethical principle is relevant to the situation at hand.