TWU Neuroanatomy Lab 2 Study Guide
What directional type of neuron receives stimuli and are structurally pseudounipolar?
Afferent Neuron
What type of glial cell is star shaped and forms that blood brain barrier, helps in nutrient transfer, and guide neurons during the development?
Astrocytes
What acts at the "Sending End" of the neuron and communicates with other neurons and tissues from transmitting the information?
Axon
What is a specialized region of soma from which the cell process axon arises and is rich in voltage gated channels that allow flow of NA+ ions?
Axon Hillock
One dedrite and one axon arising from either side of the cell body is a(n) _________ Give an example. (HINT: Draw out description)
Bipolar Neuron; Neurons found in the retina of eyes
What is known as the "Receiving End", a cell that process that arises from the soma that receives information from other neurons or tissues?
Dendrites
What directional type of neuron relays commands from CNS to smooth muscles and skeletal muscles and are structurally multipolar?
Efferent Neurons
What type of glial cell is made up of columnar epithelial cells that line all 4 ventricles of the brain with the central canal of the spin cord and aid in the movement of CSF?
Ependymal Cells
What supports, protects, and furnishes nutrients to neurons and helps with the speed of electrochemical transmission?
Glia
What does the myelin sheath do?
Insulates the axons and aids electrochemical transmission by increasing the speed of transmission
What directional type of neuron processes information locally or over short distances and are structurally multipolar neurons? (HINT: 90% of neurons in CNS)
Interneurons
What type of glial cell is considered to be the immune system of the CNS and clean the neural environment through phagocytosis? Name a disorder that can occur with this cell.
Microglia; Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease
Has numerous processes arising from the cell body with many dedrites and one axon is a(n) ________ Give an example. (HINT: Draw out description)
Multipolar Neuron; Spinal motor neuron, purkinje neurons of cerebellum, interneurons
A multilayered protective lipid covering surrounding the axon is a(n)
Myelin sheath
What is white matter?
Myelinated axons
The outermost nucleated cytoplasmic later of Schwann cells that surrounds the axon in PNS of neuron is the _______
Neurolemma
A structural and functional unit of the nervous system that conducts action potentials is a _______
Neuron
Small patches that lack myelin that allow ion flow across the membrane of an axon that are specialized for propagation of action potential is the ________
Node of Ranvier
What forms the myelin sheath in the CNS?
Oligiodendrocytes
What type of glial cell forms myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS and increases the speed of nerve impulses? Name a disorder that can occur with this cell.
Oligodendrocytes; Multiple sclerosis
What specifically reacts to the neurotransmitters released by presynaptic cells that has dendritic ends and neurotransmitter receptors?
Postsynaptic Terminal
What contains secretory organelles called synaptic vesciles that release neurotransmitters and axons end in synaptic terminals?
Presynaptic terminals
Posses only 1 process (axon) arising from the cell body that divides into two main branches, one acting as the receiving end and the other as the sending end is ________ Give an example. (HINT: Draw out description)
Pseudounipolar Neuron; Neurons found in Dorsal Root Ganglion
What type of glial cell in the PNS flattens around the sensory neurons and the function is unknown?
Satellite Cells
What forms the myelin sheath in the PNS?
Schwann Cells
What type of glial cell in the PNS forms a myelin sheath around one axon and helps with the regeneration of the axon? Name a disorder that can occur with this cell.
Schwann Cells; Gullian Barre Syndrome
What is known as the cell body which contains the majority of the organelles (e.g. golgi body, ER, and mitochondria)?
Soma
What is gray matter?
Somas and Unmyelinated axons
What is a junction that allows a neuron to pass an electro-chemical signal to another?
Synapse/Synaptic Cleft