TWU Neuroanatomy Lab 2 Study Guide

What directional type of neuron receives stimuli and are structurally pseudounipolar?

Afferent Neuron

What type of glial cell is star shaped and forms that blood brain barrier, helps in nutrient transfer, and guide neurons during the development?

Astrocytes

What acts at the "Sending End" of the neuron and communicates with other neurons and tissues from transmitting the information?

Axon

What is a specialized region of soma from which the cell process axon arises and is rich in voltage gated channels that allow flow of NA+ ions?

Axon Hillock

One dedrite and one axon arising from either side of the cell body is a(n) _________ Give an example. (HINT: Draw out description)

Bipolar Neuron; Neurons found in the retina of eyes

What is known as the "Receiving End", a cell that process that arises from the soma that receives information from other neurons or tissues?

Dendrites

What directional type of neuron relays commands from CNS to smooth muscles and skeletal muscles and are structurally multipolar?

Efferent Neurons

What type of glial cell is made up of columnar epithelial cells that line all 4 ventricles of the brain with the central canal of the spin cord and aid in the movement of CSF?

Ependymal Cells

What supports, protects, and furnishes nutrients to neurons and helps with the speed of electrochemical transmission?

Glia

What does the myelin sheath do?

Insulates the axons and aids electrochemical transmission by increasing the speed of transmission

What directional type of neuron processes information locally or over short distances and are structurally multipolar neurons? (HINT: 90% of neurons in CNS)

Interneurons

What type of glial cell is considered to be the immune system of the CNS and clean the neural environment through phagocytosis? Name a disorder that can occur with this cell.

Microglia; Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease

Has numerous processes arising from the cell body with many dedrites and one axon is a(n) ________ Give an example. (HINT: Draw out description)

Multipolar Neuron; Spinal motor neuron, purkinje neurons of cerebellum, interneurons

A multilayered protective lipid covering surrounding the axon is a(n)

Myelin sheath

What is white matter?

Myelinated axons

The outermost nucleated cytoplasmic later of Schwann cells that surrounds the axon in PNS of neuron is the _______

Neurolemma

A structural and functional unit of the nervous system that conducts action potentials is a _______

Neuron

Small patches that lack myelin that allow ion flow across the membrane of an axon that are specialized for propagation of action potential is the ________

Node of Ranvier

What forms the myelin sheath in the CNS?

Oligiodendrocytes

What type of glial cell forms myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS and increases the speed of nerve impulses? Name a disorder that can occur with this cell.

Oligodendrocytes; Multiple sclerosis

What specifically reacts to the neurotransmitters released by presynaptic cells that has dendritic ends and neurotransmitter receptors?

Postsynaptic Terminal

What contains secretory organelles called synaptic vesciles that release neurotransmitters and axons end in synaptic terminals?

Presynaptic terminals

Posses only 1 process (axon) arising from the cell body that divides into two main branches, one acting as the receiving end and the other as the sending end is ________ Give an example. (HINT: Draw out description)

Pseudounipolar Neuron; Neurons found in Dorsal Root Ganglion

What type of glial cell in the PNS flattens around the sensory neurons and the function is unknown?

Satellite Cells

What forms the myelin sheath in the PNS?

Schwann Cells

What type of glial cell in the PNS forms a myelin sheath around one axon and helps with the regeneration of the axon? Name a disorder that can occur with this cell.

Schwann Cells; Gullian Barre Syndrome

What is known as the cell body which contains the majority of the organelles (e.g. golgi body, ER, and mitochondria)?

Soma

What is gray matter?

Somas and Unmyelinated axons

What is a junction that allows a neuron to pass an electro-chemical signal to another?

Synapse/Synaptic Cleft