Types of Joint Movements
lateral flexion
movement of the trunk sideways to the right or left at the waist -occurs in the frontal plane and involves the intervertebral joints
rotation
revolves around its own longitudinal axis
lateral rotation
anterior surface of a bone of the limb is turned away from the midline
medial rotation
anterior surface of a bone of the limb is turned toward the midline
flexion
decrease in the angle between articulating bones
circumduction
circular (or conical) movement of a body part -consists of a combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction -ball-and-socket joint allows circumduction
hyperextension
continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position and is often prevented by the arrangement of ligaments and the anatomical alignment of bones
depression
downward movement of a part of the body
extension
increase in the angle between articulating bones
gliding
relatively flat bone surfaces move back and forth and from side to side with respect to one another -no significant change of the angle between the bones
eversion
movement of the soles laterally so that they face away from each other
inversion
movement of the soles medially so that they face toward each other
elevation
upward movement of a part of the body
dorsiflexion
bending of the foot at the ankle in the direction of the superior surface (stand on heels)
plantar flexion
bending of the foot at the ankle joint in the direction of the plantar surface (stand on toes)
reposition
movement involved in releasing an object by spreading the fingers and thumb
opposition
movement involving a grasping of the thumb and fingers
abduction
movement of a bone away from the midline
adduction
movement of a bone toward the midline
protraction
movement of a part of the body anteriorly in the transverse plane
retraction
movement of a protracted part back to the anatomical position
pronation
movement of the forearm at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints in which the distal end of the radius crosses over the distal end of the ulna and the pal is turned posteriorly or inferiorly
supination
movement of the forearm at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints in which the palm is turned anteriorly or superiorly