U-world Physics: Fluid/gas #3

Blood flows through a vessel in the leg at an average velocity of 10 cm/s. How much glucose passes by a segment of the blood vessel each second if the radius of the blood vessel is 0.20 cm and each 1.0 cm3 of blood contains 1.0 mg of dissolved glucose?

1.3 × 10^0 mg/s

A cube with a side length of 5 cm floats on the surface of water. If 4/5 of the cube volume floats above the surface of the water, what is the density of the cube? (Note: Density of water = 1,000 kg/m3.)

200 kg/m3

Weight

A measure of the force of gravity on an object

mercury barometer

An instrument that measures changes in air pressure, consisting of a glass tube partially filled with mercury, with its open end resting in a dish of mercury.

Which of the following changes will increase the rate at which a mammalian organism loses body heat to the environment?

Increase in the organism's rate of pulmonary ventilation

Conversion of Kelvin to Celsius

K = C + 273

Ideal gas law

PV = nRT

Ideal fluid

a fluid that has no internal friction or viscosity and is incompressible

mass flow rate

the amount of mass flowing through a cross section per unit time

absolute temperature scale

-quantifies temperature relative to absolute zero, the lowest possible total energy of matter. -The absolute temperature of any system is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecules within the system

molar heat capacity (C)

-the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 mole of a substance by 1 degree Kelvin - the heat (Q) associated with n moles of a substance undergoing a temperature change (ΔT) is given by Q=nCΔT

A flask with height h and base area A is filled with water. If the hydrostatic pressure is 2 atm halfway between the base and the top, what is the hydrostatic pressure at the base of the flask?

3,000 mm Hg -container shape does not influence the hydrostatic pressure in a column of a noncompressible fluid with constant density.

A large number of monoatomic ideal gas molecules are stored within a closed container at a temperature of 200 K. What is the average translational kinetic energy of the individual gas molecules? (Note: Use Boltzmann's constant k = 1.381 × 10−23 J/K.)

4.2 × 10^−21 J

Bernoulli's equation

P1 +1/2 ρv_1^2+ρgh_1= P_2+1/2 ρv_2^2+ρgh_2 P : absolute pressure of the fluid v: linear speed h: height of the fluid

phase change

a reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another

Archimedes Principle of Buoyancy

buoyant force = density (fluid) x volume (fluid displaced) x gravity (weight of a volume of a given substance) FB=ρfluid⋅Vfluid⋅g An object will float if its average density is less than the average density of the fluid its is immersed in It will sink if its average density is greater than that of the fluid Key pt.: Objects of different mass that displace same volume will experience same buoyant force

pressure energy

pressure in gases or liquids has the potential to move objects due to the force it can exert

osmotic pressure

pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane

Venturi effect describes

the decrease in pressure observed concurrent to an increase in fluid velocity

A scientist uses extreme temperature environments to study the non-ideal behavior of gas molecules. One way to increase the non-ideal behavior of gas molecules under investigation would be to:

use gas molecules with more significant intermolecular interactions. **Increases in temperature diminish the longevity of intermolecular interactions

floating object

ρfluid⋅Vfluid= ρobject⋅Vobject