U3 Art History Test
The term _________ means adding the perception of depth to a piece by incorporating lines that lead to a vanishing point.
perspective
The Renaissance emphasized that life should be lived for the _________, and it should be lived ________
present; fully
the 1400s; Italians separate this century from all the others to reflect its greatness and preserve its unique place in history
quattrocento
The crisp lines and details of many Renaissance paintings add to the __________ of the piece.
realism
Brought back by Donatello, what is the contrapposto pose?
relaxed, upright body with weight resting on one leg
What are three main art themes that Titian painted?
religious scenes; atmospheric backgrounds; mythological paintings
What new medium did the Northern Renaissance artists perfect?
use of turpentine to thin paints creating a transparent effect
In order for perspective to be accurate, what are the two qualities it requires?
vanishing point somewhere on the horizon; fixed viewpoint in the foreground of the piece
Renaissance authors started to use the _____________ language, the local common language of an area.
vernacular
Renaissance authors wrote using the local ___________ so as to be more accessible to readers.
vernacular
What kind of graphic works assured Durer his reputation as one of the all-time greats?
woodcuts, engravings
Describe the "Danse Macabre" artistic style that came from the plague era.
"death" or skeletons that summoned people from all walks of life to the grave
Before the check ________ century, an check _________ was commissioned to create a work by a ____________
19th; artist; patron
The _______ of the 1340s ravaged Italy and most of
Black Death; Europe
Michelangelo's ___________ captures the essence of humanism, ideal beauty, religious emotion, and classical style.
David
Known for his portrait paintings, Holbein the Younger became the country of ____________'s court painter.
England
The city of _________ was the epicenter of the Renaissance movement.
Florence
How did the Hundred Years' War of the 1340s affect the art world?
Focus was on survival rather than education.
Two of the accomplished writers of the Renaissance were _________ (Canterbury Tales) and ____________ (The Divine Comedy).
Geoffrey Chaucer; Dante Alighieri
What set Titian apart from other Renaissance artists?
He accented his paintings with strong, unnatural colors which oddly made sense in the pictures.
Why was Masaccio nicknamed "Clumsy Tom"?
He neglected his own hygiene when immersed in his work.
The celebration of genius as great individuals bask in success and also the potential for man to achieve more is often called ____________.
Humanism
If you see check ____________, like a cross, your eyes will drift to the point where the lines ________
Intersecting lines; Meet
Five distinctive features of the Renaissance.
It is marked by great achievements in art, literature, and science; It emphasized reasoning, questioning, and experimentation; It glorified the individual and approved of worldly pleasures; It was a rediscovery of Greek and Roman culture; It focused on secular matters, not just religion.
What is significant about the University of Bologna, founded in 1088 AD?
It provided early direction for study in the humanities.
What is so significant about Durer's Self Portrait?
It was painted to resemble Jesus.
How was the Northern Renaissance different from the Italian Renaissance?
Italians drew their inspiration from classical antiquity, northern Europeans drew their inspiration from nature, northern Europeans were very detailed with their art
What are two reasons Leonardo's painting of The Last Supper is in a state of perpetual restoration?
Leonardo used a new paint technique that did not adhere as well as other techniques and there have been attacks on the building during war time.
How does Leonardo use the artistic device of foreshortening?
Mary's outstretched left hand in Virgin of the Rocks seems to come out of the picture toward the viewer.
Who were Boticelli's principal patrons from Florence?
Medici family
The ____________ by _____________ is probably the most famous painting in the world.
Mona Lisa; Leonardo da Vinci
How did the fact that Italy was an outlet for trade routes impact the Renaissance?
More trade meant more wealth for families to spend on art and nicer things.
Select three famous patrons.
Pope Julius II; Isabella d'Este; Medici family
Who were two of Raphael's famous patrons? a. ____________ b. ____________
Pope Leo X; Pope Julius II
What are 3 facts about the Lady with an Ermine?
Portrait shows the Renaissance technique of shading; Light source in portrait is consistent with reality; Figure in the portrait is facing the light source.
What are 3 facts about the Portrait of Balthazar?
Portrait shows what a typical Renaissance man would have looked like; Crisp lines in the eyes and individual hairs add to the realism of the piece; Color changes are subtle which helps the portrait look realistic and full of life.
The __________ flourished in Italy since the government was loosely run by families of check __________ (like the Medici family of Florence).
Renaissance; entrepreneurs
What were the main subjects for most of Botticelli's masterpieces?
Roman mythology and light-hearted literary references
What is the term that describes how depth in the Middle Ages art was created?
Stacking
Bosch's ____ is full of symbolism.
The Garden of Earthly Delights
What was Michelangelo's first major sculpted work?
The Pieta
What are three facts about The Last Supper? (Jacopo)
The apostles' heads are lit up not only due to the light source, but because they were sainted by the Catholic Church, Light source is not hidden in this painting, Shadows do not emanate from the focal point in this painting.
What are 3 facts about The Marriage of the Virgin?
The piece is all about the artist's mastery of linear perspective; Artwork shows the technique of negative space; Objects in the back are blurrier than those in the front.
How did the Catholic Church's domination in the political, social, and economical realms affect art?
They demanded extra money to go toward the church in the form of tithes, taxes, and indulgences.
What are 3 facts about Tribute Money?
This piece is a great example of early perspective, Figures depicted are proportional to the building, Artwork is actually three pieces that all have the same focal point.
What are three facts about the Miniature from the Travels of Marco Polo?
This piece shows lack of perspective, Heights and distances are not easily calculated in this painting, miniature from the Middle Ages
Charles V asked _________ to paint portraits that celebrated his most important victories.
Titian
The focal point for shapes with odd-numbered sides is the ____________.
Upper third
What are three facts about The Last Supper? (Da Vinci)
Vanishing point in this portrait is right behind the focal point, Intersecting lines give the focal point the appearance of powerful rays, The rays radiating from the focal point seem to push the other figures back.
What are 3 facts about the Garden of Earthly Delights?
Vibrant colors help create the exotic nature of Eden; Colors in this picture were not seen in art before the Renaissance; Rich colors with smooth gradations of tone permitted painters to create textures and simulate three-dimensional forms.
Because of its quality, familiarity, and prolific artists, Renaissance art engages what three aspects for humans?
attention; intelligence; imagination
What are some possible challenges that may arise between an artist and a patron?
bruised egos, frustration, and arguments
There are 340 human figures depicted on the Sistine Chapel's _______.
ceiling
The focal point for circles and shapes with even-numbered sides is the ________.
center
Many of Botticelli's works depict ________________, divinely inspired beauty while he often used nudes as his subject matter.
feminine
Describe Peter Breughel the Elder's style.
energetic, satiric edge, amusing
What major contributions did Masaccio make to the art world?
focused on the creation of three-dimensional human bodies and rejected the elegant Gothic style, pioneered the craft of perspective in painting and focused on the creation of three-dimensional human bodies
Donatello carved his bronze sculptures so realistically that he said he could _____________.
hear them speaking to him
What is the benefit of oil paint on canvas?
holds color better
The celebration of genius as great individuals bask in success and also the potential man has to achieve more is called:
humanism
How did Leonardo build the illusion of three-dimension in the Mona Lisa?
layers of almost-transparent glaze
Some historians view the Renaissance as a bridge that connects the Middle Ages with modern Europe because it lays the foundation for today's realm of:
literature; art; science; economics
When you have any number of objects of a similar size, but one is different, your eye will be drawn to the oddball, even if it is not in the __________.
middle
Whenever an odd number of relatively equal-sized objects are placed together, your eye naturally settles on the _________ one.
middle
Raphael's skill was working out poses that expressed intention and _________ that also harmonized with the emotions shown on the figure's face.
movement
Your eye frames the space in between parallel lines, allowing you to focus on the __________ space between them.
negative
A _________ is a person, family, or organization who supports an artist financially.
patron
Masaccio and Raphael pioneered new styles in dimension and added a new depth to painting.
perspective
What areas fascinated Leonardo to the point where he made notebooks full of sketches?
science, human anatomy, diagrams of machines, natural phenomena
The word _______ literally means "worldly."
secular
Leonardo's _____________ or "smoky" technique can be seen in several of his paintings.
sfumato
With the creation of oil paint on canvas, the hues to use were only limited by the imagination and ___________ of the artist.
skill
Renaissance
the rebirth of art, literature, and science in Europe, c. 1400-1600 AD; began in northern Italy in the 14th century then eventually spread northward into the rest of the continent
What is so significant about the words above the mirror in van Eyck's The Arnolfini Portrait?
they are the artist's signature
How does Raphael's fresco The School of Athens embody all the characteristics of Renaissance art?
three-dimensional perspective, bright colors, and a tribute to the Greco-Roman heritage