uCertify Ch 1

Which path should never be included in the root path?

"./" Placing this directory in the root's path makes it possible for local troublemaker to trick root into running the replacement for common programs

The bash shell attempts to launch the editor defined by the ________ or ___________ environment variables, or it launches Emacs as a last resort.

$FECEDIT or $EDITOR

Which shell does /bin/sh point to on ubuntu?

/bin/dash

Which file is a pointer to the system's default system shell?

/bin/sh which points to /bin/bash

How many different types of shells are there? What are they?

2; Default interactive shell, Default system shell

Which keyboard shortcut moves the cursor to the start of the Line?

CTRL+A

Which keyboard shortcut moves the cursor backwards one character at a time?

CTRL+B

Which keyboard shortcut or key deletes the character under the cursor?

CTRL+D, Delete key

Which keyboard shortcut moves the cursor to the end of the Line?

CTRL+E

Which keyboard shortcut moves the cursor forward one character at a time?

CTRL+F

Which keyboard shortcut will terminate a search in progress?

CTRL+G

Which keyboard shortcut deletes all text from the cursor to the end of the line?

CTRL+K

which keyboard shortcut does the same thing as down arrow?

CTRL+N

which keyboard shortcut does the same thing as up arrow?

CTRL+P

Which keyboard shortcut can be used to resume terminal operations?

CTRL+Q

Which keyboard shortcut can be used to search for a command?

CTRL+R

Which keyboard shortcut can be used to search forward in the command history?

CTRL+S

Which keyboard shortcut transposes the character before the cursor with the character under the cursor/

CTRL+T

Which keyboard shortcut deletes all the text from the cursor to the beginning of the line?

CTRL+X and then backspaces

Which keyboard shortcut will launch a full-fledged editor to edit a command?

CTRL+X followed by CTRL+E

What are internal commands?

Commands built into the shell program

What does the backspace key do?

Delete character to the left of the cursor.

Which keyboard shortcut will convert the letter under the cursor ( or the first letter of the next work) to uppercase, leaving the rest of the word unaffected

Esc and the C

Which keyboard shortcut transposes the two words immediately before (or under) the cursor.

Esc and the T transposes

Which keyboard shortcut will convert text from the cursor to the end of the word to lowercase?

Esc and then L

Which keyboard shortcut will convert text from the cursor to the end of the word to uppercase?

Esc and then U

Describe default interactive shell.

Is the shell program a user users to enter commands, run programs from the command line, run shell scripts, and so on.

Describe the default system shell.

Is used by Linux systems to run system shell scripts, typically at startup.

What does the shell shortcut "history" do?

Keeps a record for every command you type

what is bash?

THe GNU Bourne again shell, which is based on the earlier Bourne shell for Unix but extends it. It is the most common default shell for user accounts.

What is Sh?

The Bourne shell which bash is based on. It not often used in Linux, the sh command is often a pointer to the bash shell or other shells.

What is ksh?

The Korn Shell was designed to take the best features of the Bourne shell and the C shell and extend them. Small following

what is zsh?

The Z shell, takes shell evolution further than the Korn shell, incorporating features from earlier shells and adding some more.

what is csh?

The original C shell isn't used mucj on Linux, but if a user is familiar with csh, tcsh makes a good substitue

what is tcsh?

This shell is based on the earlier C shell (csh). It is fairly popular shell in some circles, but no major linux distro makes it the default

What is a shell program?

What presents the prompt and accepts subsequent commands

What is defined by the $PATH environment variable?

a list of directories in which commands can be found

What are login shells?

are shell programs that are launched automatically when you initiate a text-mode login as opposed to those that run in xterm windows or other terminal emulators

Which shell is the most popular?

bash

What does the "echo" command do?

displays the text you enter

What are the two different command types?

internal commands and external commands

When duplicate commands exists (internal and external) which one takes precedence.

internal commands takes precedence.

What does the set command do?

it displays a wide variety of options relating to the bash shell operation, the options are formatted like environmental variables, but they are NOT the same thing.

What should you type at the command like to keep CTRL+S from hanging?

stty -ixon

what does "time pwd" command do?

tells us how long the system took to execute the pwd command

What is the different between the exit and logout command.

the exit command terminates any shell, but the logout command terminates only login shells.

what does the "type" command do?

the type command specifies if the command is internal or external, use ex: "type pwd"

What is the tilde (~) character a shortcut for?

the users home directory

What does the time command do?

times how long subsequent commands take to execute

what three times are displayed from the time command?

total execution time (aka real time), user CPU time, and system CPU time

Which command will tell if duplicate commands exists that are internal and external commands

type -a "command" ie: type -a cd

Which command show which operating system is being run and is an external command?

uname

Which command returns detailed os information ie kernel being used, system hostname?

uname -a

Which command ran from menu option will open a terminal emulator that will run a shell?

xterm, or konsole

name two GUI menu options to open a terminal emulator?

xterm, terminal