Unit 1 Pharmocology

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The main effect of aging on drug absorption is (LO 3.2)

C. slowing of drug absorption

In order for drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier, they must be (LO 2.2)

C. water soluble

The medical situation when a particular drug should not be administered is referred to as (LO 1.2)

D. contraindication

The drug administration route demonstrating the slowest onset of action is (LO 2.1)

D. sublingual

Which FDA pregnancy category would appear to be the safest for a developing fetus? (LO 2.5)

E. Category X

Which of the following could be categorized as an adverse reaction? (LO 1.5)

E. all of these*(idiosyncrasy, drug allergy, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity)

An unusual or unexpected drug reaction by an individual is known as (LO 1.5)

E. drug allergy

The rate of drug absorption would be increased by which of the following? (LO 2.2)

E. lipid solubility

When patient cannot take oral medications and parenteral is not indicated, also for local effects

MDI

Drugs with high abuse potential and accepted medical use

Morphine

Drugs with limited abuse potential and accepted medical use

OTC drug- Lomotil

For local effects within the respiratory tract

Oral

The administration of drugs by needle and syringe.

Parenteral Injection

The study of the action of drugs on living tissue.

Pharmacodynamics

Whenever possible, the safest and most convenient route, and has 'first pass effect' on absorption

Rectal

Usually refers to physical alterations of drugs that occur before administration when different drugs are mixed in the same syringe or other container.

incompatibility

For drugs that require 100% availability, and when rapid effects are desired

Intravenous

Drugs that have demonstrated teratogenic effects in women are classified as Pregnancy Category (LO 2.5)

B. C

When a drug increases the rate of drug metabolism of other drugs, the process is termed (LO 2.2)

A. first-pass metabolism B. enzyme induction C. enzyme inhibition D. enterohepatic cycling E. microsomal inhibition

A drug that has the potential for abuse and is regulated by the Drug Enforcement Agency is classified as a (LO 1.7)

A. controlled substance

Age-related physiological changes that occur in humans include (LO 3.1)

A. decreased cardiac output B. a decrease in organ size C. decreased blood flow to the liver D. fewer cells to carry out organ functions E. all of these*

Which type of drug interaction describes a combined effect equal to the sum of the individual effects of two drugs? (LO 2.6)

A. summation

Elixirs, spirits, tinctures, and fluid extracts of drugs

Alcoholic Preparations

Non-Opioid Drugs with low abuse potential and accepted medical use

Antianxiety drugs- Librium

A solution of water and sugar to which a drug is added to eliminates the bitter taste of many drugs.

Aqueous Preparations

First-pass metabolism refers to the metabolism of oral drugs in the (LO 2.2)

B. blood vessels

The time a drug continues to produce its effect is its (LO 1.4)

B. maximal response

The time from drug administration to the first observable drug effect is known as the (LO 1.4)

B. onset of action

The measurement of creatinine can be used to evaluate (LO 3.3)

B. renal function

The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion is known as (LO 1.1)

C. pharmacokinetics

Drug X has a half-life of 6 hours. How much drug is left in the body 18 hours after an IV injection of 1200 milligrams (mg)? (LO 2.3)

D. 600 mg

Select the term below that relates to the amount of drug administered to produce a therapeutic effect. (LO 1.1)

E. pharmacy

The drug tablet or capsule is coated with an acid-resistant substance that will dissolve only in the less-acidic portions of the intestines.

Enteric-Coated Products

'Dose-Response curve measures potency o 2 or more drugs'

False

Pharmacokinetics is best defined as effects of the body on the drug

False

;Drugs administered intravenously has 100% bioavailability.

False (10 percent)

Drugs with high abuse potential and no accepted medical use

Heroin

Opioid Drugs with moderate abuse potential and accepted medical use

Hydrocodone+APAP (Narco)

A therapeutic index of a drug is as follows: TI = LD50/ ED50 = 1000mg/100mg =10. This means the drug causes serious side effects.

Therapeutic Index (TI) A ratio that compares the blood concentration at which a drug becomes toxic and the concentration at which the drug is effective. The larger the therapeutic index (TI), the safer the drug is.

Convenient dosage form that provides continuous absorption and systemic effects over many hours

Transdermal

These flattened tablets are allowed to dissolve in the mouth. They are commonly used for colds and sore throats.

Troches and Lozenges

'The only drug reference which is legally acceptable is the United States Pharmacopeia (USP)'

True

'Time -Plasma response curve measures duration of action of a drug'

True

Dose-response curve determines the frequency of drug administration.

True

Drugs administered by the oral route undergo first-pass biotransformation.

True

When the combined effect of two drugs, each producing the same biologic response by the same mechanism of action, is equal to the sum of their individual effects.

additive effects

When the combined effect of two drugs is less than the sum of their individual effects.

antagonism

The study of the processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

pharmacokinetics

The study of drugs.

pharmacology

The study of the use of drugs in treating disease.

pharmacotherapeutics

The science of preparing and dispensing medicines.

pharmacy

The study of the amount of drug that is required to produce therapeutic effects.

posology

When the combined effect of two drugs, each producing the same biologic response but by a different mechanism of action, is equal to the sum of their individual effects.

summation

When the combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of their individual effects.

synergism

Decreased drug effects after chronic administration.

tolerance

The study of the harmful effects of drugs on living tissue.

toxicology


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