Unit 1 Pharmocology
The main effect of aging on drug absorption is (LO 3.2)
C. slowing of drug absorption
In order for drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier, they must be (LO 2.2)
C. water soluble
The medical situation when a particular drug should not be administered is referred to as (LO 1.2)
D. contraindication
The drug administration route demonstrating the slowest onset of action is (LO 2.1)
D. sublingual
Which FDA pregnancy category would appear to be the safest for a developing fetus? (LO 2.5)
E. Category X
Which of the following could be categorized as an adverse reaction? (LO 1.5)
E. all of these*(idiosyncrasy, drug allergy, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity)
An unusual or unexpected drug reaction by an individual is known as (LO 1.5)
E. drug allergy
The rate of drug absorption would be increased by which of the following? (LO 2.2)
E. lipid solubility
When patient cannot take oral medications and parenteral is not indicated, also for local effects
MDI
Drugs with high abuse potential and accepted medical use
Morphine
Drugs with limited abuse potential and accepted medical use
OTC drug- Lomotil
For local effects within the respiratory tract
Oral
The administration of drugs by needle and syringe.
Parenteral Injection
The study of the action of drugs on living tissue.
Pharmacodynamics
Whenever possible, the safest and most convenient route, and has 'first pass effect' on absorption
Rectal
Usually refers to physical alterations of drugs that occur before administration when different drugs are mixed in the same syringe or other container.
incompatibility
For drugs that require 100% availability, and when rapid effects are desired
Intravenous
Drugs that have demonstrated teratogenic effects in women are classified as Pregnancy Category (LO 2.5)
B. C
When a drug increases the rate of drug metabolism of other drugs, the process is termed (LO 2.2)
A. first-pass metabolism B. enzyme induction C. enzyme inhibition D. enterohepatic cycling E. microsomal inhibition
A drug that has the potential for abuse and is regulated by the Drug Enforcement Agency is classified as a (LO 1.7)
A. controlled substance
Age-related physiological changes that occur in humans include (LO 3.1)
A. decreased cardiac output B. a decrease in organ size C. decreased blood flow to the liver D. fewer cells to carry out organ functions E. all of these*
Which type of drug interaction describes a combined effect equal to the sum of the individual effects of two drugs? (LO 2.6)
A. summation
Elixirs, spirits, tinctures, and fluid extracts of drugs
Alcoholic Preparations
Non-Opioid Drugs with low abuse potential and accepted medical use
Antianxiety drugs- Librium
A solution of water and sugar to which a drug is added to eliminates the bitter taste of many drugs.
Aqueous Preparations
First-pass metabolism refers to the metabolism of oral drugs in the (LO 2.2)
B. blood vessels
The time a drug continues to produce its effect is its (LO 1.4)
B. maximal response
The time from drug administration to the first observable drug effect is known as the (LO 1.4)
B. onset of action
The measurement of creatinine can be used to evaluate (LO 3.3)
B. renal function
The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion is known as (LO 1.1)
C. pharmacokinetics
Drug X has a half-life of 6 hours. How much drug is left in the body 18 hours after an IV injection of 1200 milligrams (mg)? (LO 2.3)
D. 600 mg
Select the term below that relates to the amount of drug administered to produce a therapeutic effect. (LO 1.1)
E. pharmacy
The drug tablet or capsule is coated with an acid-resistant substance that will dissolve only in the less-acidic portions of the intestines.
Enteric-Coated Products
'Dose-Response curve measures potency o 2 or more drugs'
False
Pharmacokinetics is best defined as effects of the body on the drug
False
;Drugs administered intravenously has 100% bioavailability.
False (10 percent)
Drugs with high abuse potential and no accepted medical use
Heroin
Opioid Drugs with moderate abuse potential and accepted medical use
Hydrocodone+APAP (Narco)
A therapeutic index of a drug is as follows: TI = LD50/ ED50 = 1000mg/100mg =10. This means the drug causes serious side effects.
Therapeutic Index (TI) A ratio that compares the blood concentration at which a drug becomes toxic and the concentration at which the drug is effective. The larger the therapeutic index (TI), the safer the drug is.
Convenient dosage form that provides continuous absorption and systemic effects over many hours
Transdermal
These flattened tablets are allowed to dissolve in the mouth. They are commonly used for colds and sore throats.
Troches and Lozenges
'The only drug reference which is legally acceptable is the United States Pharmacopeia (USP)'
True
'Time -Plasma response curve measures duration of action of a drug'
True
Dose-response curve determines the frequency of drug administration.
True
Drugs administered by the oral route undergo first-pass biotransformation.
True
When the combined effect of two drugs, each producing the same biologic response by the same mechanism of action, is equal to the sum of their individual effects.
additive effects
When the combined effect of two drugs is less than the sum of their individual effects.
antagonism
The study of the processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
pharmacokinetics
The study of drugs.
pharmacology
The study of the use of drugs in treating disease.
pharmacotherapeutics
The science of preparing and dispensing medicines.
pharmacy
The study of the amount of drug that is required to produce therapeutic effects.
posology
When the combined effect of two drugs, each producing the same biologic response but by a different mechanism of action, is equal to the sum of their individual effects.
summation
When the combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of their individual effects.
synergism
Decreased drug effects after chronic administration.
tolerance
The study of the harmful effects of drugs on living tissue.
toxicology