Unit 10 Reading Activity

Your body is made up of lean tissues ( ____________ ), and ____________ , which is comprised of essential fat and ____________ .

(fat-free mass), total body fat, fat tissue

During spring break, you go on an all day hike. If you consume 2200 cal and you burn 2750 cal that day your energy balance status is.

in negative energy balance

Longer, healthier, life, muscle mass, strengths, flexibility, and balance, bone strength, ability to control weight, psychological well-being

increased by exercise

Despite the claims made in advertisements or by fad diet promoters, there's no simple solution for treating obesity. The most reliable approaches to weight loss include all of the following, except ______.

increased dietary supplement use

Fat cells help regulate hunger. Fat cells secrete ____________ , a hormone that reduces hunger and inhibits fat storage in the body.

leptin

Adjustable gastric banding has become ____________ popular than gastric bypass procedures.

less

The thyroid hormone regulates the ____________ .

metabolic rate

5'8" (68 inches) tall and 200 lbs

obese

5'2" (62 inches) tall and 140 lbs

overweight

During the ____________ procedure, the surgeon uses staples to reduce the obese patient's stomach capacity, then cuts the small intestine and attaches the lower end of it to the newly formed stomach pouch.

roux-en-Y

A small area of the brain helps control ____________ , the sense that enough food or beverages have been consumed to satisfy hunger.

satiety

A ____________ procedure reduces the stomach's size but doesn't bypass part of the small intestine. Therefore, nutrient absorption isn't reduced.

sleeve gastrectomy

5'8" (68 inches) tall and 120 lbs

underweight

Your body has ____________ under your abdominal muscles that acts as a protection apron for your abdominal organs.

visceral fat

Lori is a 20 year old college student who became obsessed with losing weight after her and her boyfriend broke up. Over the past year, she lost 40 pounds but still think she's too fat. She hasn't had a menstrual period in over nine months.

anorexia nervosa

The minimal number of calories the body uses for vital activities, after fasting and resting for 12 hours, is ____________ .

basal metabolism

Diana is obese. Whenever she is depressed, she eats large quantities of various foods that supply lots of empty calories. She makes no effort to purge after eating, so she gains more weight. She recently told her mother, "eating is the only thing that makes me happy."

bing-eating disorder

Jim is a college wrestler who struggles to keep his weight down. After wrestling events, he binges on chips, pizza, and donuts. Within a few minutes after binge eating, he makes himself vomit in the empty field. That's next to the College Gym.

bulimia nervosa

Colon cancer, risk, depression and anxiety, breast, cancer, risk, risk of cardiovascular disease, type two diabetes risk

decreased by exercise

energy output

digesting a meal, walking with a friend, shivering in response to cold

energy input

drinking a glass of wine eating dinner

Your daily ____________ is the total number of kilocalories in the foods that you consume in a 24-hour period.

energy intake

The energy that cells use to carry out their activities is called ____________ . For example, your muscle cells spend calories when they contract.

energy output

pear shaped body type of fat, health implications, and description of fat distribution?

excess subcutaneous fat, increased risk of osteoarthritis, lower body

apple shaped body type of fat, health implications, and description of fat distribution?

excess visceral fat, increased risl fo type 2 diabetes and CVD, central body

People who have more visceral fat have "pear shapes" and lower risk of type 2 diabetes.

false

Melissa is an elite gymnast whose very competitive. To improve her performance she's lost a lot of weight over the past six months. Last week, she broke her ankle after falling off the balance beam.

female athlete triad

In response to feelings of hunger, your stomach secretes a hormone called ____________ , which stimulates eating behavior.

ghrelin

Sam is an endurance athlete. A few days before he participates in a marathon race, he undergoes _______ to delay the onset of muscle fatigue during the event.

glycogen loading

5'8" (68 inches) tall and 140 lbs

healthy weight

An uncomfortable feeling that drives a person to consume food is ____________ .

hunger

At the end of the semester, you spend an entire day studying for exams. If you consume 1500 cal in burned 1500 cal that day you're energy balance status is

in balance

In July, you spend the day walking around the county fair and sampling the fair foods. If you consume 2400 kcal and burn 1800 kcal that day, your energy balance status is.

in positive energy balance

When you consume more calories than your body needs, the energy is converted into fat and stored in adipose cells. As a result, you become fatter because your adipose cells ____________ .

increase in size

Go grocery store shopping on an empty stomach to help improve healthy food choices Skipping meals, including breakfast is a good way to lose weight Make a list of forbidden foods that you promise not to eat until you reach your goal weight

not recommended

According to the ____________ , the body's fat content is genetically predetermined and acts like a thermostat, except it regulates body weight instead of temperature.

set-point theory

Fat that's under the skin is called ____________ .

subcutaneous fat

Adipose cells store ____________ .

triglycerides

Subcutaneous fat is stored under skin.

true

An obese person has an excessive and unhealthy amount of body fat. Obese people have a higher risk of ______ than people who have healthy body weights

type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease

Anthony is training for a half-marathon. On days when he runs for more than an hour, what should he consume during his run and why?

A sports drink because it provides carbohydrate, electrolytes, and water, which help prevent dehydration and improve performance.

"Clinically tested, physician, recommended"

Is scientifically endorsed

When Leo studies for exams, he fidgets in his chair

Nonexercise activity thermogenesis

David Burns 250 cal raking the leaves in his yard

Physical activity

Bake, broil, or roast meals as lower fat alternatives to frying Take your usual size portion, it only half of it, and save the rest for a later snack When you eat pasta, opt for red sauce, instead of white sauce for fewer calories and less fat

Recommended

"Lose weight without dieting or strenuous exercise. Eat as much as you want"

Requires no change of dietary or physical activity patterns

A person who is overweight has too much body fat.

False

Chemical reactions that need energy to occur are ____________ ; reactions that release energy are ____________ .

anabolic reactions, catabolic reactions

According to experts with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, healthy adults should perform at least ______ minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week.

150 to 300

Lawrence weighs 178 pounds and has an average basal metabolic rate of 1.0 kcal per kilogram per hour. Calculate his daily energy needs for basal metabolism.

1944 kcal

Gillian needs a minimum of 1400 cal to keep her resting, awake body alive in a warm, quiet environment for 12 hours or more

Basal metabolism

"Lose up to 18 pounds in one week"

Causes rapid an extreme weight loss

"Results not typical"

Displays before and after photos

Using bioelectrical impedance to estimate body fat relies on the principle that lean tissues have less water and electrolytes than fat tissue.

False

A small percentage of adult Americans are underweight. Check all of the healthy strategies an underweight individual can use to gain weight and muscle mass safely.

Follow a regularly scheduled snack and meal schedule Snack on nutrient-dense, calorie-dense foods such as granola made with nuts, sunflower seeds, wheat germ, and dried apricots Eat more fatty fish, peanut products, and avocados

"Lose weight and keep it off"

Results and permanent weight loss

Lawrence spoke with a friend about his efforts to lose weight safely and permanently. The friend said that she had recently followed a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet for 4 weeks and lost 10 pounds. Why does a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet often promote rapid initial weight loss?

The body produces less glycogen when carbohydrate intake is low and uses much of its stored glycogen to supply glucose for energy. Tissues maintain about 3 grams of water with each gram of glycogen, so a reduction in body glycogen content results in the need for less water to store with it.

Charlene's body uses 100 cal to digest absorb and process the calorie from her days food intake

Thermic effect of food

A bariatric surgical procedure that's relatively easy to reverse is called ____________ .

adjustable gastric banding