Unit 2

Term that describes flat, irregular epithelial cells is .............

Squamous

Epithelium that is arranged in many layers is described as simple.

False

The skin protection that absorbs ultraviolet radiation to protect deeper tissue from damage.

Melanin

Any thin sheet of tissue that separates two or more structures

Membrane

A layer of fibrous connective tissue around a bone

periosteum

A cord of connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone

tendon

The oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells

hemoglobin

Which one of the following best approximates the proportion of total body weight that is accounted for by the skin?

15%

Which ONE of the following best approximates the time required for a cell to transition from the basal layer towards the apical layers, become keratinized, and finally be sloughed off?

4 weeks

Arrange the following steps in the preparation of a photomicrograph in the correct order.

54321

Which ONE of the following best approximates the proportion of total heat loss which occurs through the skin?

80%

Which one of the following is the MOST significant determinant of skin color?

Amount of Melanin produced

The fibers of a neruon are ___________.

Axons and Dendrites

Tissue that forms when cartilage gradually becomes impregnated with calcium salt is .............

Bone

Gliosis is a special type of scar tissue that forms in response to damage to which one of the following structures?

Brain

Which of the following is not a function of the skin?

Breathing

The active form of vitamin D is associated with the regulation of which one of the following ions?

Calcium

A modified apocrine sweat gland that produces wax is the .............

Ceruminous gland

Arrange these layers of the epidermis in the correct order, from superficial to deep.

Corneum, Lucidum ,Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale CLGSB

The layer of skin beneath the epidermis that is responsible for the elasticity and strength of skin, supplies the epidermis with nutrients, and plays an important role in thermoregulation

Dermis

The outermost part of the skin, formed by several layers of epithelial cells

Epidermis

"The tissue that forms a protective covering for the body and that lines the digestive, respiratory, and urinary passages"

Epithelium

............. is found covering and lining the surfaces of the body and organs.

Epithelium Tissue

A tendon connects a bone to another bone.

False

Endocrine glands secrete through ducts.

False

Neuroglia are neuronal cells. They consist of a small cell body containing a nucleus and branching cytoplasmic processes.

False

Skeletal muscle features cells linked by gap junctions

False

The stratum corneum is the deepest part of the epidermis.

False

The three types of cartilages are: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and collogenic cartilage.

False

The visceral layer of a serous membrane lines the wall of a cavity or sac.

False

Sebum is produced by sudoriferous glands.

False, Sebaceous

Adipose tissue stores .............

Fat

Which one of the following cell types produce scar tissue?

Fibroblasts

............. is a process when damaged tissue is replaced with scar tissue.

Fibrosis

Specialized cells that function to secrete products either onto a body surface, or into the blood either directly or via a duct.

Glands

............. and ............. Make up the extracellular matrix of connective tissue.

Ground substance and fibrillar proteins

In addition to melanin and carotene, what other molecule contributes towards the skin color of an individual?

Hemoglobin

Which one of the following stains is commonly used to differentiate between nucleic acids within the nucleus and basic cytoplasmic proteins?

Hemotoxylin and Esonin

The study of tissues is .............

Histology

These type of glands secrete their products by shedding whole cells.

Holocrine

Endocrine glands produce .............

Hormones

Which one of the following best describes an injury requiring deep wound healing?

Injury reaching into dermis

The body system that is composed of skin and its associated structures is .............

Integumentary System

The protein in the epidermis that thickens and protects the skin

Keratin

What is the protein in the epidermis that thickens and protects the skin?

Keratin

Which ONE of the following is the most common type of cell in the epidermis?

Keratinocyte

Which one of the following is an immune cell routinely found in the epidermis?

Langerhans Cells

Which one of the following is the term used for the white, half-moon shaped area at the proximal end of the nail?

Lunele

Sensory receptors that are egg-shaped, encapsulated masses of dendrites.

Meissners Corpuscle

The pigment that is largely responsible for skin color

Melanin

A specialized tissue with both contractile and conducting properties.

Muscle

a clear plate of dead keratinized epidermal cells that covers and protects the dorsal aspect of the finger tips and toes

Nail

The supportive cells in the nervous system are collectively known as .............

Neuroglia

The supportive cells in the nervous system are collectively known as __________.

Neuroglia

All of the following are types of epithelium EXCEPT

Oval

Sensory receptor that is a large oval structure, consisting of a dendrite wrapped in a multilayered, connective tissue capsule and adapt rapidly to stimuli and are involved in sensing pressure.

Pacinian corpuscle

Alerts the brain to potentially damaging sensations or actual tissue injury

Pain

The second phase in skin wound healing is called the

Proliferation and Migratory Phase

The second phase in skin wound healing is called .............

Proliferation and migratory phase

hat is the chief purpose of melanin in the skin?

Protect nucleus of skin cells against UV radiation

............. produces sebum.

Sebaceous Gland

What is the function of the structure indicated by the red arrow in the illustration below?

Sense Pressure

Which one of the following types of epithelium lines the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels?

Simple Squamos Epithelium

Which one of the following types of muscle often contains individual cells several centimeters long?

Skeletal

The majority of heat is lost from the body through which ONE of the following organs?

Skin

Cells involved in the healing of the epidermis are produced by cell division occurring in which ONE of the following epidermal strata?

Stratum Basale

Skin layer that is a single layer of cuboidal-shaped cells on a basal membrane

Stratum Basale

Which one of the following epidermal strata contains the most live cells?

Stratum Basale

The thickened outermost layer of the epidermis is the .............

Stratum Corneum

To bring the edges of a wound together to aid healing and reduce the size of a scar

Suture

Which of the following is the one type of membrane that does not exhibit epithelial cells?

Synovial Membrane

Arrector pili muscle causes a hair to stand on end.

True

Bone is a rigid connective tissue that contains calcium and phosphorus.

True

Intercellular is found between cells.

True

Keratin is a protein that helps to thicken the skin.

True

Periosteum is the membrane around a bone.

True

Smooth muscle has spindle-shaped, non-striated fibers with one central nuclei.

True

Stomach, and trachea are lined by a mucous membrane.

True

Sweat or sudoriferous glands come in two types: merocrine and apocrine.

True

The stratum lucidum is only found in the hairless, thick skin of the fingertips, palms and soles of the feet.

True

Thin skin is also known as hairy skin.

True

A precursor form of which ONE of the following vitamins is produced in the skin?

Vitamin D

A precursor form of which one of the following vitamins is produced in the skin?

Vitamin D

Ceruminous glands produce __________________.

Wax

Term for glands that secrete through ducts

exocrine

Another name for the skin as a whole

integument

Which of the following cell types are usually found in the epidermis?

melanocytes, keratinocytes, langerhans cell

A gland that produces an oily secretion on skin and hair

sebaceous gland

The deepest layer of the epidermis

stratum basale

The most superficial layer of the epidermis

stratum corneum

New cells grow from the deepest layer of the epidermis, the ____________.

stratum germinativum

A gland that produces sweat

sudoriferous gland