unit 2

Which statement best explains the role of government according to John Locke? Governments should respect the fundamental rights of humans. The absolute authority of government is essential to ensure safety. The powers of government should be separated into different offices. Governments take away the freedom of citizens and foster inequality.

Governments should respect the fundamental rights of humans.

The revolution grew more violent mainly because radicals reacted to the National Assembly falling apart. prices rising to an all-time high. rumors of foreign intervention to end the revolution. prisoners running rampant after release.

rumors of foreign intervention to end the revolution.

Which best describes philosophes? politicians priests thinkers writers

thinkers

The clergy comprised the wealthy First Estate, with members of noble descent in particular having a great deal of power. What was the source of the clergy's wealth? family money tithes donations from the king savings from paying low taxes

tithes

A common goal of the Glorious, American, and French revolutions was to raise standards for the lower classes. to make sure the rich didn't take advantage of the poor. to establish a more democratic government. to establish fair taxation standards.

to establish fair taxation standards.

A goal of the Glorious Revolution was to protect a Catholic monarchy. to protect Parliament's power. to create a republican government. to create the English Bill of Rights.

to protect Parliament's power.

After the French Revolution, France was left _____

turmoil

Which philosopher advocated economic, social, and political equality for women? Locke Rousseau Voltaire Wollstonecraft

Wollstonecraft

How did philosophers spread knowledge to different parts of society? by holding salons by creating free public schools by publishing their ideas by organizing the public

by publishing their ideas

After winning power, the National Assembly immediately executed the king. could not agree on its goals. restored property to the Church. unanimously elected a leader.

could not agree on its goals.

After winning power, the Jacobins sought strong leadership to face overwhelming challenges by asking for direction from England's political leadership. deciding to form the Committee of Public Safety. using the leadership of former supporters of the monarchy. using the leadership of former supporters of the Church.

deciding to form the Committee of Public Safety.

During the Enlightenment, the aim of secularism was to end religion's role in government. abolish the need for religion. dissolve the Catholic Church. create a universal form of spirituality.

end religion's role in government.

Montesquieu suggested dividing government into__________ , legislative, and judicial powers.

executive

Who wanted a limited or constitutional monarchy? the Conservatives the Jacobins the Church the king

the Conservatives

How did the Enlightenment idea of separation of powers influence the effects of the American Revolution? Americans incorporated the separation of church and state when they wrote the Constitution. Americans incorporated the separation of national and state government in the Constitution. Americans established power in legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. Americans established that all rights not given to the government were reserved for the people.

Americans established power in legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government.

Which best describes the role of God according to deism? God is seen as an architect who designs the structure and lets others build it. God is seen as an engineer who builds the machine and then controls it. God is seen as a mechanic who tends to the machine as needed. God is seen as a watchmaker who builds the watch, starts it, and leaves it alone.

God is seen as a watchmaker who builds the watch, starts it, and leaves it alone.

What did James II do to gain absolute rule? He pursued Protestantism as the state religion and dismissed Parliament. He pursued Catholicism as the state religion and dismissed Parliament. He pursued Protestantism as the state religion and headed Parliament. He pursued Catholicism as the state religion and headed Parliament.

He pursued Catholicism as the state religion and dismissed Parliament.

Why was King Louis XVI tried for treason? He wanted the radicals sent to prison so he could regain the throne. He wanted France to lose its war against Austria and have his power restored. He wanted to flee with his wife Marie Antoinette to avoid the guillotine. He wanted the National Convention disbanded so he could again be king.

He wanted France to lose its war against Austria and have his power restored.

How did French support of the American Revolution increase problems for King Louis XVI? It accelerated the economic crisis. It introduced new ideas regarding branches of government. It helped prove that a country could do without a king. It showed that a rigid class structure was dangerous.

It accelerated the economic crisis.

Montesquieu believed that government power should be divided between different branches, much like the executive, legislative, and judicial branches in the United States. He believed that this division promoted liberty and justice. What else does the separation of powers do? It prevents one branch from gaining too much power. It stops each branch from dominating the others. It makes sure that there is no overlap between the work of the branches. It facilitates cooperation between the branches.

It prevents one branch from gaining too much power.

Which two factions disagreed on the revolution's path? the Liberals and the Conservatives the Liberals and Jacobins Jacobins and the Conservatives Jacobins and the Third Estate

Jacobins and the Conservatives

The American Revolution subsequently inspired nineteenth-century independence movements in which part of the world? Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe North Africa Southeast Asia

Latin America and the Caribbean

How did John Locke's beliefs differ from those of Thomas Hobbes? Locke believed that people are naturally reasonable, while Hobbes believed that people are naturally selfish. Locke believed that people are naturally selfish, while Hobbes believed that people are naturally reasonable. Locke believed that people need a social contract, while Hobbes believed that people do not need one. Locke believed that people do not need a social contract, while Hobbes believed that people need one.

Locke believed that people are naturally reasonable, while Hobbes believed that people are naturally selfish.

How did Baron de Montesquieu's beliefs differ from those of Thomas Hobbes? Montesquieu believed that governments should have absolute power, while Hobbes believed that governments should have checks and balances. Montesquieu believed that governments should have checks and balances, while Hobbes believed that governments should have absolute power. Montesquieu believed that societies need laws to protect citizens, while Hobbes did not believe that societies need laws to protect citizens. Montesquieu did not believe that societies need laws to protect citizens, while Hobbes believed that societies need laws to protect citizens.

Montesquieu believed that governments should have checks and balances, while Hobbes believed that governments should have absolute power.

The ideas of the Enlightenment, including the concept of the social contract, influenced the American Revolution. Which of these statements best explains what a social contract is? People choose government representatives who write and pass laws. People rule through their elected representatives. People run the state by exerting their will. People support the government in exchange for rights and protection.

People support the government in exchange for rights and protection.

What happened after the Committee of Public Safety began to fall apart? In order to unite, a new leader took charge. Liberals regained power and pushed out radicals. The monarchy moved in to resume power. Power shifted back to the National Convention.

Power shifted back to the National Convention.

The Enlightenment is also known as the Age of Humanism. Rationalism. Reason. Secularism.

Reason.

What effect did the success of the American Revolution have internationally? The American Revolution provided the blueprint for gaining independence. The American Revolution caused other empires to better respect their colonies' rights. The American Revolution enabled other countries to weigh the pros and cons of revolution. The American Revolution inspired other countries to declare independence.

The American Revolution inspired other countries to declare independence.

Which is the correct description of a revolution and one of its outcomes? The French Revolution led to the creation of a constitutional monarchy. The Glorious Revolution led to the Declaration of the Rights of Man. The American Revolution led to the creation of a democratic republic. The French Revolution led to the creation of a representative republic.

The American Revolution led to the creation of a democratic republic.

Montesquieu outlined a system of checks and balances that would prevent one branch of government from dominating the others. Which would be an example of checks and balances between branches? Congress and the president must declare war jointly. The president can make executive agreements. The Supreme Court determines the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress. The president is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

The Supreme Court determines the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress.

Which statement best explains the role of government according to Thomas Hobbes? Governments should respect the fundamental rights of humans. The absolute authority of government is essential to ensure safety. The powers of government should be separated into different offices. Governments take away the freedom of citizens and foster inequality.

The absolute authority of government is essential to ensure safety.

How did the American Revolution influence the French Revolution? Soldiers who had fought on the side of the colonies started the French Revolution. News of the war introduced the French to the ideas of the Enlightenment. The war showed that taxation without representation was a just cause. The colonies' victory demonstrated that a king could be defeated.

The colonies' victory demonstrated that a king could be defeated.

Which statement best explains why taxation without representation was a major issue for the colonists? The colonists wanted more influence over how taxes were spent. The colonists equated a lack of representation with a lack of consent to be ruled. The colonists sought more control of tax collection to keep the money in the colonies. The colonists felt that the collection of taxes violated their natural rights.

The colonists equated a lack of representation with a lack of consent to be ruled.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man made all French citizens equal before the law. How did this equality contrast with the ways of the Old Regime? The declaration removed the king from power. The declaration forced the aristocracy to give up their land. The declaration created a separation between church and state. The declaration abolished the three estates.

The declaration abolished the three estates.

The Constitution was inspired by the English Bill of Rights. Both documents limit the power of the executive branch. Which is an example of limited power in the United States? The executive branch is subject to the will of the people. The executive branch cannot veto legislation. The executive branch has no power to decide on legislation. The executive branch is prohibited from suspending laws at will.

The executive branch is prohibited from suspending laws at will.

In an era of bad harvests, famine, and rioting, the French government took steps to improve the worsening financial crisis. What did the government do? The government raised taxes. The government called for genuine political reform. The government forced all estates to pay the same taxes. The government reduced the Third Estate's tax burden.

The government raised taxes.

In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson listed a series of grievances that colonists had against British rule. What purpose did this serve? The list identified changes that would be made under the new government. The list provided a series of compromises needed to stay as a British colony. The list outlined how the British broke the social contract. The list gave reasons why the British should leave the colonies.

The list outlined how the British broke the social contract.

How did the Constitution overcome the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? The new plan of government centralized power heavily into a single entity. The new plan of government had a strong centralized government but protected state autonomy and rights. The new plan of government weakened the central government and provided states more control. The new plan of government centralized power and left the states to determine their own role.

The new plan of government had a strong centralized government but protected state autonomy and rights.

Which best describes the philosophes' approach to understanding the world? They applied principles of reason. They used intuition and imagination. They engaged in research. They devised theories and conclusions.

They applied principles of reason.

Which Enlightenment thinker first proposed the idea of a social contract? John Locke Thomas Hobbes Baron de Montesquieu Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Thomas Hobbes

Read the quote by Thomas Hobbes from Leviathan. Law was brought into the world for nothing else but to limit the natural liberty of particular men in such manner as they might not hurt, but assist one another, and join together against a common enemy. This quote helps explain the idea of forming governments to protect citizens. forming governments to preserve rights. removing governments to ensure liberty. removing governments to prevent harm.

forming governments to protect citizens.

In calling for the separation of church and state, Voltaire supported the end of organized religion. freedom of religion. the atheist movement. the closure of churches.

freedom of religion.

What was one advantage of being a member of the Second Estate? having access to the king being a small part of the population being able to participate in business or trade having extensive privileges

having extensive privileges

The main goal of the American Revolution was to gain _____

independence

The American Revolution had the most influence on the French Revolution by suggesting the idea of the Declaration of Independence. showing that perseverance and determination are assets. insisting on fighting for the ideals of the Enlightenment. inspiring the French people to demand their rights as citizens.

inspiring the French people to demand their rights as citizens.

Although the National Assembly was made up of the Third Estate, many members did not want to seize the Catholic Church's property. the members did not want a constitutional monarchy like England. many members still wanted to keep the king involved in government. the members insisted on dismissing the authority of the Church.

many members still wanted to keep the king involved in government.

When many philosophers of the Enlightenment discussed ideas about equality, they were referring to equality among ______ .

men

For how many years did the Reign of Terror last? one three five seven

one

John Locke and other Enlightenment thinkers emphasized _____ over religion.

reason

John Locke supported the separation of church and state and promoted divine rights. tyrannical rule. absolute authority. religious tolerance.

religious tolerance.

An old problem the National Assembly still faced was interference by the Bishop. rising debt and poverty. the demands of Louis XVI. lack of liberty and equality.

rising debt and poverty.

Under the Old Regime, the people of France belonged to one of three estates. What was the basis of these divisions? occupation wealth social class religion

social class

Rousseau believed that ____ corrupted the individual.

society

Which idea is shared by both the Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of the Rights of Man? that church and the state should be separate that men and women have equal rights that resistance to tyranny is a right that all men have natural rights

that all men have natural rights

The Constitution was drafted in 1787, after the American Revolution ended. What document preceded the Constitution in outlining the powers of the US government? the Declaration of Independence the Articles of Confederation the Bill of Rights the Two Treatises of Government

the Articles of Confederation

An effect of the Glorious Revolution was that in order to take the throne, William and Mary had to sign the English Constitution. the Declaration of the Rights of Man. the English Bill of Rights. the Declaration of Independence.

the English Bill of Rights.

Which group paid the least in taxes under the Old Regime? the aristocracy the merchants the bourgeoisie the peasants

the aristocracy

The English Bill of Rights (1689), which guarantees the freedom of speech, the right to a fair trial, and a ban on cruel or unusual punishment, inspired the US Bill of Rights, which is another name for the first ten amendments to the Constitution. the preamble to the Declaration of Independence. the Articles of Confederation. the Declaration of the Rights of Man.

the first ten amendments to the Constitution.

Written by Baron de Montesquieu,The Spirit of the Laws is about the ideal organization of government. the selfish nature of human beings. the need to dominate individual will. the reason to restore monarchies.

the ideal organization of government.

After the National Assembly was locked out of the Estates-General meeting, members of the assembly met on a tennis court in Versailles and swore the Tennis Court Oath. What vow did they make with this oath? to continue to work until the king had been overthrown to continue to work until the estates were dissolved to continue to work until France had a constitution to continue to work until the people could vote

to continue to work until France had a constitution