Unit 2 AP Euro
Leader of the reformation in Switzerland; church and state
Ulrich Zwingli
Alliance of the 7 northern provinces (led by Holland) that declared its independence from Spain and formed the United Provinces of the Netherlands
Union of Utrecht
Martin Luther initially criticized the Roman Catholic Church on the grounds that it
Used indulgences as a fundraising service
Describe the French Edict of Nantes (1598)
It provided limited political and religious liberties for French Huguenots
Catholic and Protestant moderates who believed that only a strong monarchy could save France from total collapse
Politiques
The teaching that God has determined the salvation or damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not on their merit or good works
Predestination
What did religious change in the 17th century Netherlands lead to?
A great vitality in intellectual and artistic life
Major Protestant and Roman Catholic leaders of the 16th century condemned the Anabaptists because Anabaptists
Advocated a complete separation of church and state
Imperial assembly meeting of the Holy Roman Empire; how to respond to Luther's teachings
Diet of Worms
Document issued by Henry IV of France in 1598, granting liberty of conscience and of public worship to Calvinists, which helped restore peace in France
Edict of Nantes
A major difference between Calvinism and Lutherism relates to
Emphasis on predestination
The official Roman Catholic agency founded in 1542 to combat international doctrine heresy
Holy Office
French Calvinists
Huguenots
The massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day (1572) was directed against
Huguenots in France
A document issued by the Catholic Church lessening penance or time in purgatory
Indulgence
Members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola, whose goal was the spread of Catholic faith
Jesuits
During the great witchcraft persecutions of the 16th and 17th centuries, who was most often tried?
Older women
A series of treaties that concluded the 30 Years' War in 1648 and marked the end of large-scale religious violence in Europe
Peace of Westphalia
During the Thirty Years War, France pursued a policy of
Supporting the Protestant princes and rulers to recapture Normandy
The fleet sent by Philip II of Spain in 1588 against England as a religious crusade against Protestantism; weather and English fleet defeated it
Spanish Armada
The most important goal of the Council of Trent was
Strengthening of internal Church discipline
Calvin's formulation of Christian doctrine, which became systematic theology for Protestantism
The Institutes of the Christian Religion
The Peace of Westphalia (1648) resulted in
The guaranteed independence of numerous small German states