Unit 2 AP Euro

Leader of the reformation in Switzerland; church and state

Ulrich Zwingli

Alliance of the 7 northern provinces (led by Holland) that declared its independence from Spain and formed the United Provinces of the Netherlands

Union of Utrecht

Martin Luther initially criticized the Roman Catholic Church on the grounds that it

Used indulgences as a fundraising service

Describe the French Edict of Nantes (1598)

It provided limited political and religious liberties for French Huguenots

Catholic and Protestant moderates who believed that only a strong monarchy could save France from total collapse

Politiques

The teaching that God has determined the salvation or damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not on their merit or good works

Predestination

What did religious change in the 17th century Netherlands lead to?

A great vitality in intellectual and artistic life

Major Protestant and Roman Catholic leaders of the 16th century condemned the Anabaptists because Anabaptists

Advocated a complete separation of church and state

Imperial assembly meeting of the Holy Roman Empire; how to respond to Luther's teachings

Diet of Worms

Document issued by Henry IV of France in 1598, granting liberty of conscience and of public worship to Calvinists, which helped restore peace in France

Edict of Nantes

A major difference between Calvinism and Lutherism relates to

Emphasis on predestination

The official Roman Catholic agency founded in 1542 to combat international doctrine heresy

Holy Office

French Calvinists

Huguenots

The massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day (1572) was directed against

Huguenots in France

A document issued by the Catholic Church lessening penance or time in purgatory

Indulgence

Members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola, whose goal was the spread of Catholic faith

Jesuits

During the great witchcraft persecutions of the 16th and 17th centuries, who was most often tried?

Older women

A series of treaties that concluded the 30 Years' War in 1648 and marked the end of large-scale religious violence in Europe

Peace of Westphalia

During the Thirty Years War, France pursued a policy of

Supporting the Protestant princes and rulers to recapture Normandy

The fleet sent by Philip II of Spain in 1588 against England as a religious crusade against Protestantism; weather and English fleet defeated it

Spanish Armada

The most important goal of the Council of Trent was

Strengthening of internal Church discipline

Calvin's formulation of Christian doctrine, which became systematic theology for Protestantism

The Institutes of the Christian Religion

The Peace of Westphalia (1648) resulted in

The guaranteed independence of numerous small German states