MSE 2001 Final

What is the charge state and electronic configuration for Cu in the ceramic materials Cu2O?

+1, [Ar]4s03d10

How many planes are in the {100} family of planes in an orthorhombic unit cell? 6 2 1 12

2

The yield strength observed in a crystalline material at low homologous temperatures... ...is often nearly identical to the "ideal yield strength" of a material because plastic deformation occurs by entire planes of atoms sliding past one another in most materials. ...is often orders of magnitude higher than the ideal yield strength for a material because plastic deformation occurs by entire planes of atoms sliding past one another in most materials. ...is often orders of magnitude lower than the "ideal yield strength" of a material because plastic deformation occurs by dislocation glide. ...is often orders of magnitude higher than the ideal yield strength for a material because plastic deformation occurs by dislocation glide. ...is often orders of magnitude lower than the "ideal yield strength" of a material because plastic deformation occurs by entire planes of atoms sliding past one another in most materials.

...is often orders of magnitude lower than the "ideal yield strength" of a material because plastic deformation occurs by dislocation glide.

The yield strength observed in a crystalline material at low homologous temperatures... ...is often orders of magnitude lower than the "ideal yield strength" of a material because plastic deformation occurs by entire planes of atoms sliding past one another in most materials. ...is often orders of magnitude higher than the ideal yield strength for a material because plastic deformation occurs by entire planes of atoms sliding past one another in most materials. ...is often nearly identical to the "ideal yield strength" of a material because plastic deformation occurs by entire planes of atoms sliding past one another in most materials. ...is often orders of magnitude lower than the "ideal yield strength" of a material because plastic deformation occurs by dislocation glide. ...is often orders of magnitude higher than the ideal yield strength for a material because plastic deformation occurs by dislocation glide.

...is often orders of magnitude lower than the "ideal yield strength" of a material because plastic deformation occurs by dislocation glide.

If the lattice parameter for a cubic crystal is 6 angstroms, what is the interplanar spacing for the (221) planes? 1.2 angstroms 2 angstroms 1 angstrom 0.67 angstroms 3 angstroms

2 angstroms Use d(hkl) = a / (h^2+k^2+l^2)^(1/2)

On a unary phase diagram, the fusion curve is... ...the phase boundary line between the solid and vapor phases. ...the phase boundary line between the liquid and vapor phases. ...the phase boundary line between two solid phases. ...the phase boundary line between the solid and liquid phases. ...the isobar line at which the solid fuses at room temperature.

...the phase boundary line between the solid and liquid phases.

When looking through a linear polarizer at a light source producing randomly polarized light...

..the light intensity will constantly be reduced by 50% as the polarizer is rotated 360°.

Unary phase diagrams contain how many components? 1 component 3 components 2 components It depends on the region of the phase diagram.

1 component

If Ca impurities are added to TiO2 and form substitutional defects on the Ti sites, what type of defect might form to charge compensate for them and in what ratio? 1 Ti vacancy : 2 Ca impurities 1 oxygen vacancy : 1 Ca impurity 1 Ti vacancy : 1 Ca impurity 1 oxygen interstitial : 1 Ca impurity 1 Ti interstitial : 1 Ca impurity

1 oxygen vacancy and one Ca impurity

You design a rod to hold a chandelier from the ceiling, but then your boss informs you that the chandelier will be twice as heavy. Your initial design will now plastically deform under the weight. Which of the following could be done to your original design to allow it to work with the new chandelier?

1. Use the same material, but increase the diameter of the rod. 2. Choose a material with a higher yield strength but keep the rod diameter the same.

For a cubic unit cell, how many planes are in the {110} family?

12

How many unique slip planes are in the {112} family of a BCC metal?

12

A material will have a high elastic modulus if its Energy-Bond Distance curve exhibits: a large radius of curvature and a small second derivative at the global minimum of the plot. a small radius of curvature and a small second derivative at the global minimum of the plot. a small radius of curvature and a large second derivative at the global minimum of the plot. a large radius of curvature and a large second derivative at the global minimum of the plot.

A small radius of curvature and a large second derivaive at the global minimum of the plot

Anodization of aluminum can be used to:A. Make the surface of the aluminum harder.B. Change the color of aluminum.C. Protect the aluminum against corrosion.

All of the above

Metallic bonds... A. ...allow for high electrical conductivity in a material. B. ...are non-directional. C. ...allow a material to plastically deform.

All of the above

Rust, which is iron oxide (Fe2O3), has what type of bonding?(A) Metallic only(B) Ionic only(C) Covalent only(D) A mixture of ionic and metallic(E) A mixture of ionic and covalent

B

Assuming a single atom basis, which of the following crystal structure(s) is/areclose-packed:(A) Hexagonal close-packed (HCP)(B) Face-centered cubic (FCC)(C) Body-centered cubic (BCC)(D) Both A & B(E) A, B, and C

D

Most of the mass of an atom is contained within:(A) The core shell electrons(B) The valence shell electrons(C) The void space(D) The nucleus(E) The s-orbital electrons

D

Which of the following contribute to the density of a solid?(A) Elemental composition of the solid(B) Porosity(C) Crystal Structure(D) All of these contribute to the density of a solid.(E) Only A & B contribute to the density of a solid.

D

Assume that the precipitation of pure copper from an Al-Cu alloy is thermodynamically favorable at a given process temperature (i.e., the transformation is spontaneous). How best would you describe the thermodynamics of this phase transformation at this temperature? Formation of the precipitate increases the entropy of the system and is exothermic. Formation of the precipitate increases the entropy of the system and is endothermic. Formation of the precipitate decreases the entropy of the system and is endothermic. Formation of the precipitate decreases the entropy of the system and is exothermic

Formation of the precipitate decreases the entropy of the system and is exothermic

Ceramic glasses A and B have the same composition but glass A has a higher fictive temperature than glass B. Which of these statements could be accurate about these two glasses? Glass A was quenched from a higher temperature than glass B, leading to glass A being more dense than glass B. Glass A and B were likely quenched from the same temperature, but glass A is less dense than glass B. Glass A was quenched from a lower temperature than glass B, leading to glass A being more dense than glass B. Glass A and B were likely quenched from the same temperature, but glass A is more dense than glass B. Glass A was quenched from a higher temperature than glass B, leading to glass A being less dense than glass B.

Glass A was quenched from a higher temperature than glass B, leading to glass A being less dense than glass B.

The angle at which light refracts when it enters the flat surface of a material could depend upon: I. The refractive index of the material. II. The wavelength of the light. III. The size of the material. IV. The angle of incidence of the light into the material.

I, II, and IV

For a given Bravais lattice, each lattice point is symmetrically equivalent to allother lattice points in the lattice.(A) True(B) False

True

The (101) and (-101) are unique slip planes in an BCC metal. True False

True

True or False: To achieve good piezoelectric response, a material should have both a high piezoelectric coefficient and have high electrical resistivity.

True

True/False: For the same system, heterogeneous nucleation will occur at less undercooling than homogeneous nucleation.

True

Which of the following approaches would NOT be useful for reducing galvanic corrosion between two pieces of different metals:Placing a third metal in between the first two metals.Requiring that the component only be used in dry, non-humid environments.Completely painting one of the metals with a non-electrically-conducting plastic paint. Placing a third metal in between the first two metals.

Placing a third metal in between the first two metals

Platinum and palladium can both be used as catalysts in catalytic converters. What is the current situation for their prices and the reasons for these economic positions?

Platinum currently has limited, tenuous sourcing (mostly South Africa), while palladium has more distributed worldwide sourcing. This more reliable sourcing has pushed palladium to be the dominant catalyst for auto manufacturers, and even though the price continues to rise due to more demand and speculation, the long time horizons to re-design platinum-based catalytic converters to meet today's emission standards limits manufacturers ability to switch to now much less expensive platinum.

Possible kinetic barriers that prevent phase transformations from occurring quickly when the system is in a state that the transformation is thermodynamically favored include: (A) Energy costs associated with interface formation. (B) Energy costs associated with the free energy change for the phase transformation. (C) Energy costs associated with the long range diffusion of atomic components to the product phase. (D) Energy costs associated with dislocation motion in a solid.

energy costs associated with interface formation and energy cost associated with long range diffusion of atomic components to the product phase

If Laue diffraction is performed on two different cubic crystal materials with the same space group, the crystal with the smaller lattice parameter will have the closer arrangement of diffraction spots. false true

false

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is deposited as an amorphous thin film. When annealed, 75% of the film crystallizes. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that these crystals are a mix of rutile, anatase, and brookite -- three different crystal structures of titanium dioxide. At this point, how many phases are in the TiO2 thin film? 1 Phase 2 Phases 3 Phases 4 Phases 5 Phases Zero Phases

four phases

The wavelengths of x-rays are similar in size to...(A) ...an electron.(B) ...grains in a polycrystalline material.(C) ...the wavelength of IR radiation

grains in a polycrytalline material

Compared to a semi-crystalline polymer of the same composition, a completely amorphous polymer is expected to: (I) have greater optical transparency. (II) exhibit a higher elastic modulus. (III) appear more uniformly colored after dying. (IV) be a better vapor barrier when used in food packaging. (V) show improved stability to higher operating temperatures.

have greater optical transparency and appear more uniformly colored after dying

Which of the following materials would you choose for optimal performance in the charge storage layer of a capacitor?

high dielectric constant and high electrical resistivity

Which of the following is an example of a III-V semiconductor? Which of the following is an example of a III-V semiconductor? A. Silicon B. Indium Phosphide C. Gallium oxide D. Zinc selenide None of these.

indium phosphide

The compound Pd3Ti, which is used as a catalyst, is likely best classified as: The compound Pd3Ti, which is used as a catalyst, is likely best classified as: A polymer A ceramic A composite An intermetallic A semiconductor A metal alloy Next QuestionNext

inter metallic

What happens when light goes from a material with lower n to a material with a higher n?

it bends towards the normal(the perpendicular to the surface)

Which of the following approaches would NOT be useful for improving a plastic's resistance to UV degradation? Adding a coating to the plastic's surface Selecting a proper material. Using cathodic protection. Including additives to the plastic's compositional formulation.

using cathodic protection

Which of these techniques could be used to probe the short range order in window glass? Window glass does not have any short range order to probe. A. Using UV-vis spectroscopy to measure the transmission spectrum. B. Using x-ray scattering to collect a radial distribution function. Both B and C C. Using X-ray diffraction to examine the interplanar spacing.

using x-ray scattering to collect a radial distribution function

Which of the following denotes the family of slip planes in a FCC material? {110}<111> {111}<110> {111}<100> {100}<111>

{111}<110>

What is the "energy barrier" to diffusion?

The energy barrier to diffusion is the energy cost of breaking bonds and disrupting the position of neighboring atoms to "squeeze" the diffusing atom from one site to another site.

What does the exponential expression in the Arrhenius equation physically represent?

The fractional probability that an atom has enough thermal energy to overcome the activation barrier for some process (e.g., diffusion).

In what order do the following orbitals fill?2s, 3s, 3d, 4d, 4f, 6s, 6p(A) 2s, 3s, 3d, 4d, 4f, 6s, 6p(B) 2s, 3s, 3d, 4d, 6s, 6p, 4f(C) 2s, 3s, 3d, 4d, 6s, 4f, 6p(D) 2s, 3s, 3d, 6s, 4d, 6p, 4f(E) 2s, 3s, 3d, 6s, 4d, 4f, 6p

C

How many unique slip planes of the {110} type are in a BCC metal? 2 4 6 8 12 24

6

True or False: As long as the operating temperature remains below the melting temperature for all materials in that component, the material will not fail.

False

True/False: A material with a high yield strength and a low ductility will definitely be considered to have a high toughness.

False

True/False: Assuming equilibrium behavior, no liquids exist at temperatures below the liquidus line on a binary phase diagram.

False

True/False: Galvanizing a metal component involves the controlled electrochemical oxidation of the component's surface.

False

Which of these elements is/are known to form self-limiting oxide surface layers that are protective against further corrosion:A. IronB. AluminumC. ChromiumD. Copper

Aluminum and Chromium

True/False: Materials with high dielectric constants will also be good electrical insulators.

False

True/False: On a standard temperature-pressure UNARY phase diagram, it is possible to have AREAS of the phase diagram that include 2 phases in equilibrium with one another.

False

A World War II fighter plane is hanging from the ceiling in a museum in Washington DC. One day, one of the metal cables used to suspend the plane from the ceiling breaks. (Luckily the exhibit was over designed and the rest of the cables are able to keep the plane from falling.) you notice that the air conditioning is causing other hanging exhibits to jiggle and sway. What mechanism do you suspect to be the source of this failure? Strain hardening Yielding Brittle fracture Creep Fatigue

Fatigue

The space group Cmmm has what lattice type?(A) Base-centered(B) Body-centered(C) Face-centered

Base Centered

Why did tellurium prices begin to decrease sharply around 2012?

Because China opened up new, large tellurium mining facilities, flooding the market with more tellurium.

Which of the following approaches would be useful for improving a plastic's resistance to UV degradation? A. Adding a UV absorbing coating to the plastic's surface. B. Including additives to the plastic's composition that help prevent UV degradation. C. Electrically connecting the plastic component to a sacrificial anode.

Both A and B

Which of these elements is/are known to form self-limiting oxide surface layers that are protective against further corrosion: A. Iron B. Aluminum C. Chromium D. Copper

Both B and C

Which of the following contribute to the activation energy (EA) of the mass diffusion coefficient (i.e., diffusivity, D)? I. Bond breakage to move the atom from one position to the next. II. Bond formation to move the atom from one position to the next. III. Entropic penalty for creating a more random system. IV. Bond strains associated with "pushing" atoms out of the way as an atom diffuses from one site to the next.

Both I and IV

The most likely creep mechanism at high temperatures and low applied stresses is: Dislocation glide. Dislocation motion (climb) Bulk diffusion Grain boundary diffusion Crack propagation

Bulk diffusion

An orthorhombic unit cell has lattice parameters a = 2 Å, b = 3 Å, and c = 5 Å.What is the volume of this unit cell?(A) 3x10-25 cm3(B) 3x10-24 cm3(C) 3x10-23 cm3(D) 3x10-22 cm3(E) The inter-axis angles are needed to make this calculation.

C

Assuming that the only bonds formed in a body-centered cubic (BCC) structureare those between the corner atoms and the body center position (i.e., no corner-corner or body-body atomic bonding), what is the coordination number of anatom sitting at the CORNER position? (Assume a basis of 1 atom per lattice site.)(A) 4(B) 6(C) 8(D) 12(E) 16

C

For a cubic crystal, which of the following planes would have the SMALLESTdiffraction angle when characterized using x-ray diffraction?(A) (102)(B) (121)(C) (200)(D) (300)(E) All will diffract at the same angle

C

Which of the following statement(s) is NOT true about the (2𝟏'4) and (𝟐'1𝟒') planes in a cubic crystal system?(A) They are both in the same family.(B) They are perpendicular to each other.(C) They are parallel to each other.(D) Both B and C

They are perpendicular to each other

Elements with standard reduction potentials more positive than water are susceptible to corrosion in aqueous conditions.

False

True / False: Supercritical fluids are typically found beyond the triple point in pressure vs. temperature unary phase diagrams.

False

During the phase transformation from liquid to vapor (vaporization): Heat is absorbed and the entropy of the system decreases. Heat is released and the entropy of the system decreases. Heat is absorbed and the entropy of the system increases. Heat is released and the entropy of the system increases.

Heat is absorbed and the entropy of the system increases.

ultimate tensile strength

the stress beyond which a material fails/fractures

What does tensile testing measure?

the stress strain curve for a material which is a graphical representation for many of the relevant mechancial properties of a material

Discuss how the price of scandium metal compare to the price of scandium oxide.

Scandium metal is significantly more expensive than scandium oxide because the process to reduce the oxide to a metal is complicated and expensive.

Cobalt can be stable in either the FCC or HCP structure. Assuming you could form either structure at room temperature, which structure would you expect to have larger ductility?

The FCC phase will have higher ductility because it will have more slip systems.

thermal expansion is a cross property, it can be classified as what two properties?

thermal and mechanical

Which of these statements about point defects is TRUE? Lowering the temperature of a material will NOT alter the equilibrium concentration of point defects in a material. Point defects cannot significantly alter the properties of a material. Vacancies do not need to be charge balanced in metals. Point defects are always a non-equilibrium type of defect. Oxygen vacancies in a ceramic have a negative effective charge.

Vacancies do not need to be charge balanced in metals

Rank the following bonds in order of increasing bond strength: Hydrogen bonds,Covalent bonds, and van der Waals bonds:(A) Covalent < van der Waals < Hydrogen(B) Hydrogen < van der Waals < Covalent(C) van der Waals < Hydrogen = Covalent(D) van der Waals = Hydrogen < Covalent(E) van der Waals < Hydrogen < Covalent

Van Der Waals < Hydrogen < Covalent

What is the expected electronic configuration of elemental (non-ionized) copper?

[Ar]4s13d10

If you are designing a diving board for a swimming pool, you want the board to flex but not permanently deform. What properties?

a relatively low elastic modulus but a high yield strength

Which of the following approaches would be useful for improving a plastic's resistance to UV degradation?A. Adding a UV absorbing coating to the plastic's surface.B. Including additives to the plastic's composition that help prevent UV degradation.C. Electrically connecting the plastic component to a sacrificial anode.

adding a UV absorbing coating the plastic's surface and including additives to the plastic's composititon that help prevent UV degradation

Anodization of aluminum can be used to: A. Make the surface of the aluminum harder. B. Change the color of aluminum. C. Protect the aluminum against corrosion.

all of the above

You are hired for a composite manufacturer and the boss asks you to help them improve the mechanical performance of their fiberglass product. Which of the following might you investigate for this project? C. Lengths of the glass fibers used in the composite. A. The use of a chemical treatment on the glass fibers' surfaces prior to embedding these fibers in the polymer matrix. B. New geometrical arrangements of the glass fibers in the composite.

all of the above

The window panes found in a typical U.S. residential home are a good example of what class of material?

ceramic based glass

An example of galvanizing steel is which of the following:

coating the steel with zinc

Which of the following is a performance parameter? a. coefficient of restitution b. yield strength c. refractive index d. electrical conductivity

coefficient of restitution

Solid state diffusion... ...decreases linearly with decreasing temperature. ...decreases non-linearly with decreasing temperature. ...increases non-linearly with decreasing temperature. ...increases linearly with decreasing temperature.

decreases non-linearly with decreasing temperature

plastic deformation

deformation that is permanent, yield stress is the stress required to permanently deform the material

elastic deformation

deformation that is reversible

What do engineers do?

design components or systems for a given purpose

Which of the following best describes "anodization" of an aluminum part:Coating the aluminum with acrylic paint.Including additives in the aluminum's metallurgical composition prior to solidifying it.Electrochemically oxidizing the aluminum in a controlled manner.Coating the aluminum with zinc.Electrically connecting the aluminum to a sacrificial anode.

electrochemically oxidizing the aluminum in a controlled manner

What is the difference in a material property and performace parameter?

material properties are intrinsic properties of a material that does NOT depend on shape or size while performance parameters are the property of the component that is determined by size, shape, and material selected

Roughening the surface of a material (by, for example, rubbing the surface with sandpaper) is an example of...

modifying the shape of a material in a way that may change its performance in a given application

On a standard temperature-pressure Unary phase diagram, if you are at a point with 1 degree of freedom, you must be: within a single phase region. on a 2-phase boundary. at a quadruple point. at a triple point.

on a 2-phase boundary

Which is NOT a common property of polymers:relatively low thermal conductivityrelatively low electrical conductivityrelatively high strength-to-weight ratiorelatively low elastic modulusrelatively high service temperature

relatively high surface temperature

Glasses have...

short range order and this can be characterized using pair distribution functions of x-ray scattering data

Refrigerator doors that support the attachment of magnets are made from:

soft magnetic materials

Which of the following would DECREASE the grain size in an aluminum component that was cast from a molten metal melt? A. Solidify at a different temperature that increases the nucleation rate. B. Solidify at a different temperature that increases the growth rate for the solid nuclei. C. Add MORE heterogeneous nucleating agents to the molten melt prior to solidification. D. Add LESS heterogeneous nucleating agents to the molten melt prior to solidification.

solidify at a different temperature that increases the nucleation rate and add MORE heterogeneous nucleating agents to the molten melt prior to solidification

Which of the following is/are example(s) of 2D defect(s) in a crystalline material? (A) Dislocations (B) The surface of the material (C) Grain boundaries (D) Inclusions

surface of a material and grain boundaries

In window glass, silicon is hexagonally coordinated to 6 oxygens. octahedrally coordinated to 6 oxygens. octahedrally coordinated to 4 oxygens. tetrahedrally coordinated to 4 oxygens.

tetrahedrally coordinated to 4 oxygens

(3A, 5B) Why are ionic solids (like most ceramics) brittle?(A) Because ionic bonds are considerably weaker than metallic bonds.(B) Without van der Waals bonding, these solids are brittle.(C) The non-directionality of bonding in ionic solids leads to fracture uponplastic deformation.(D) The alignment of similarly charged ions upon plastic deformation causesfracture.(E) The need for bond directionality leads to fracture when the materialdeforms

the alignment of similarly charged ions upon plastic deformation causes fracture

Which of the following is most likely to occur if you raise the temperature of a material?

the concentration of vacancies in the material will increase

Cobalt can have either an FCC or HCP structure. At room temperature, how would you expect the mass densities of the FCC and HCP forms of cobalt to compare? The density of FCC cobalt will be GREATER THAN the density of HCP cobalt. The density of FCC cobalt will be LESS THAN the density of HCP cobalt. The density of FCC cobalt will be EQUAL TO the density of HCP cobalt.

the density of FCC cobalt will be equal to the density of HCP cobalt

What does Materials Science study?

the interrelationships between processing, structure, and properties, how material structure affects its properties, how processing a material alters its structure, and how materials constants change with the size of the component