Unit 2 AP Human geography: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration

1. Most migrants travel short distances and travel in step migration 2.Migrants traveling longer distances go to urban areas 3.Rural Residents are more likely to migrate thatn urban residents 4. Families are less likely to migrate across national borders 5. Every migration stream creates a counter stream 6.Females are more migratory domestically, males are more migratory over long distances 7. urban areas grow more by migraion than by NIR 8. Migration increases economic development 9. Migration is mostly due to economic causes 10. Migration goes from agricultural regions to urban regions 11. Migration increaes with advancements in technology and transportation

Identify two anti-natalists policies

Limiting the number of children per family, reducing tax benefits, propaganda

Identify 3 reasons why life expectancy has increased in the last century

Medical Advancements increased access to capital, more goods/services

Which types of countries have a lower agricultural population density: more developed countries or less developed countries.

More developed countries because they utilize advanced farming techniques that require fewer farmers per unit of arable land

Interregional migration

Movement from one region of a country to anoher region

Internally Displaced Persons

People who were forced to leave their homes, due to life-threatening conditions, however, they do not cross an international boundary.

Identify 2 environmental problems associated with higher population density?

Pollution and depletion oof resources

Political

Push Factors - Corruption, oppression, abuse of power Pull Factors - Stable, lack of corruption, protect rights of people

Environmental

Push Factors - Harsh Climate, difficult to navigate, isolated Pull Factors - Warm, provides oppurtunity for citizens, easy to live in

Economic

Push Factors - High unemployement, high inflation, lack of oppurtunities Pull Factors - Job oppurtunities, stability, low inflation

Social

Push Factors - Isolated in the community heritage is not shown in society Pull Factors - Similar cultural background, has social activities of interest

Population Density

Shows how many people live in a specific area

Population Distribution

Shows where people live

Which country has higher population desnity?

Singapore

Doubling Time

The amount of time needed for a population to double in size

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The percentage by which a population grows in a year

What was Thomas Malthus's Prediction

The world populations would exceed the carrying capacity because food production grows arithmetically and populations grows exponentially.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Total Number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Total Number of live births in a year for every 1000 people

Rural-to-urban migration

Urbanization, people move from rural settlements to urban areas

Acculturation

When a person becomes integrated into a new culture and takes on some aspects of the new culture, while also retaining their original culture

Arithmetic Growth

When growth increases by a constant number

Step Migration

When migration happens in stages, migrants stop at different places on the way to their final destination.

Assimilation

When someone loses their current culture and tales on a new culture.

Intervening Oppurtunities

cause a person to stop migrating to their original destination due to a factor that they encounter while migrating

How do you calculate agricultural density?

farmers/arable land

Xenophobia

hatred of foreigners based on stereotypes, prejudice, and racism

Chain Migration

is a process in which legal immigrants may sponsor a family member to come into the country.

exponential growth

is compounded, causing a spike in numbers

Identify three reasons why the total fertility rate falls as countries enter stages 3 and 4 on the DTM

more access to contteaception(more family planning), less need for children as a source of income, more women enter the workforce

Intraregional Migration

movement is withing one region of a country

Immigration

person permantly moving into a state

Emigrant

person permantly moving out of a state

intervening obstacles

prevent or hinder migration

Remittance

the transfer of money by a foreign worker to an indivisual in their home country

Identify 2 reasons why less economically developed countries have ah igher death rates

1)Less advanced healthcare system 2)Higher IMR&a more agricultural-bases economy

How do you calculate arithmetic population density?

A total Population divided by total land

Total Fertility Rate(TFR)

Average number of children a women will have

How do we find the NIR of a country?

CBR-CDR=NIR

Which 3 countries have the highest total population

China, India, USA

4 physical factors that influence the distribution of human populations

Climate, landforms, bodies of water, availabilty of natural resources

4 human factors that influence the distribution of human populations

Cultural, economic(work oppurtunities), historical, political

Which country likely has a higher physiological population density: Egypt or France?

Egypy. Compared to France, Egypt has relatively little farmland(arable land) since much of the country is desert(arid land)

What are three economic/social disadvantages of living in areas with less concentrated population?

Fewer jobs mean fewer oppurtunities, fewer schools and universities result in less education, fewer hospitals results limited access to health care.

Refugee

Flee their homes due to life-threatening conditions and do cross an international boundary.

Identify two-effects of China's one-child policy

Gender selective abortions, human trafficking, male order brides, decrease in population growth

How do you calculate physiological density?

Population divided by arable land

Identify two reasons why women are more empowered in stage 4 of the DTM?

Society views them as equal to everyone else in society. Allowing for women to run for political office, moveup in the private sector, and have every oppurtunity that men live.

What is the difference between the total fertility rate(TFR) nad the crude birth rate(CBR)?

TFR is looking at the average amount of kids a women is having, while CBR is looking at all births

Identify two pro-natalists policies

Tax Exemption, free child care, propaganda

Why didn't the world experience a Malthusian catatrophe as the population significanlty increased?

The agricultural revolutions allowed society to produce more food, and population growth slows as society develops.

Define carrying capacity

The amount of people that can be supported without damaging the environment.

dependancy ratio

The ratio of the number of people not in the workforce and those who are in the workforce.