UNIT 2: FIRE SAFETY AND UTILITY CONTROLS

Extinguishers that are appropriate for Class B fires have a rating from ___________________.

1B to 640B

There are three ways that hazardous materials are marked and identified while in transit:

The Department of Transportation (DOT) placard The United Nations (UN) system The North American (NA) warning placards

There are four types of extinguishers. They are:

Water Dry chemical Carbon dioxide Specialized fire extinguishers

As a general rule, if you can't put out a fire in ______ seconds, it is already too big to handle and you should leave the premises immediately.

5

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) (1)____________________ is a concise system for identifying the hazards associated with specific materials. The NFPA (1)______________________ placard is found on fixed facilities where hazardous materials are used or stored.

704 Diamond

Extinguishers for Class D fires must match the type of _________________ that is burning and are labeled with a list detailing the metals that match the unit's extinguishing agent. These extinguishers also do not use numerical ratings.

Metal

____________ is a continual process that enables professional responders to make decisions and respond appropriately in the areas of greatest need. CERT ____________ consists of 9 steps and should be used in any emergency situation. The 9 steps of CERT ___________ are: 1) Gather facts. What has happened? How many people appear to be involved? What is the current situation? 2. Assess and communicate the damage. Try to determine what has happened, what is happening now, and how bad things can really get. 3. Consider probabilities. What is likely to happen? What could happen through cascading events? 4. Assess your own situation. Are you in immediate danger? Have you been trained to handle the situation? Do you have the equipment that you need? 5. Establish priorities. Are lives at risk? Can you help? Remember, life safety is the first priority! 6. Make decisions. Base your decisions on the answers to Steps 1 through 5 and in accordance with the priorities that you established. 7. Develop a plan of action. Develop a plan that will help you accomplish your priorities. Simple plans may be verbal, but more complex plans should always be written. 8. Take action. Execute your plan, documenting deviations and status changes so that you can report the situation accurately to first responders. 9. Evaluate progress. At intervals, evaluate your progress in accomplishing the objectives in the plan of action to determine what is working and what changes you may have to make to stabilize the situation.

Sizeup

The numbers within the NFPA 704 Diamond are used to assist professional firefighters in responding to accidents or fires . CERT members should consider these placards a "stop sign." The only action CERT members should take is to __________________________________________, as necessary, to an uphill or upwind location. Do not enter the building in an attempt to evacuate persons inside.

evacuate persons who are downwind

When a fire is beyond the ability of CERTs to extinguish or a utility emergency has occurred, CERT members need to protect lives by ___________________________________ & __________________________________.

evacuating the area and establishing a perimeter

Fire requires three elements to exist: Heat: Heat is required to elevate the temperature of a material to its ignition point. Fuel: The fuel for a fire may be a solid, liquid, or gas. The type and quantity of the fuel will determine which method should be used to extinguish the fire. Oxygen: Most fires will burn vigorously in any atmosphere of at least 20 % oxygen. Without oxygen, most fuels could be heated until entirely vaporized, yet would not burn. These three elements, called the__________________, create a chemical exothermic reaction, which is fire.

fire triangle

The red quadrant on the NFPA 704 Diamond describes the material's _______________________

flammability.

Be sure to use a ______________, not a ___________, if an additional light source is needed to locate and shut off the gas valve.

flashlight, NOT a candle

The CERT goal is to do the ___________________________________________

greatest good for the greatest number

Materials are considered ________________________ if they have any of these characteristics: Corrode other materials Explode or are easily ignited React strongly with water Are unstable when exposed to heat or shock Are otherwise toxic to humans, animals, or the environment through absorption, inhalation, injection, or ingestion

hazardous

The blue quadrant on the NFPA 704 Diamond indicates _____________________

health hazard.

ensure that a fire, once extinguished, is completely extinguished and stays extinguished. This process is called __________________

overhaul

Natural gas presents two types of hazards. It is an: Asphyxiant that robs the body of ______________ Explosive that can easily ignite

oxygen

The white quadrant on the NFPA 704 Diamond indicates ___________________

special precautions.

Never enter the ________________ of a structure that is on fire to turn off any utility.

basement

CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHERS Common characteristics of dry chemical extinguishers include: Capacity. Approximately (1)____________seconds discharge time Range. Standard range is (2) _____________ feet. Pressure. Standard pressure is _________ psi.

1) 10-20 2) 8-12 3) 175-250

WATER EXTINGUISHERS Common characteristics of water extinguishers include: Capacity. Standard size is (1)_______ gallons. Range. Standard range is (2)_____________ feet. Pressure. Standard pressure is (3)_________________ per square inch (psi). Use extreme caution when using a water extinguisher to ensure that the water, which is under pressure, does not scatter lightweight materials and spread the fire.

1) 2.5 2) 30-40 3) 110 pounds

The acronym for operating a fire extinguisher is P.A.S.S.: Pull (Test the extinguisher after pulling the pin) ________________ __________________ Sweep To ensure that the extinguisher is working properly, test it before approaching any fire. Be sure to aim at the 3)__________ of the fire. Any fire extinguishers that have been completely depleted should be (4)________________________ and ______________________ so no attempt will be made to use them until they are recharged.

1) Aim 2) Squeeze 3) base 4) laid down and stored on their side

(1)________________ ___________ ___________________ are usually in commercial and apartment buildings and consist of 100 feet of 1.5-inch jacketed hose with an adjustable spray nozzle. They deliver up to 125 gallons of water per minute. You will always need to work in two-person teams when using an (1)______________ _________ _______________________ (Team Member 1: Removes the hose from the cabinet and makes sure that hose is free of kinks and bends in the line. When ready, gives the go-ahead to Team Member 2 to open the water valve. Team Member 2: After Team Member 1 gives the go-ahead, opens the water valve. Team Member 2 will then backup Team Member 1 at the nozzle. Due to the dryness of the hose fabric, water may seep through the hose fabric until the hose is saturated. This may last for approximately 1 minute.)

1) Interior wet standpipes

Here are several examples for reducing hazards from flammable liquids: Read labels to identify flammable products. Store them properly, using the L.I.E.S. method which stands for (1)____________________________ You should only extinguish a flammable liquid using a portable fire extinguisher rated for Class (2)______ Fires.

1) Limit, Isolate, Eliminate, Separate 2) Class B

CERTs play a very important role in fire and utility safety by: Extinguishing small fires Preventing additional fires by (1)______________________ Shutting off utilities Assisting with (2)_______________

1) Removing fuel sources 2) Evacuations

A sizeup of a situation involving a fire will dictate whether to attempt fire suppression and will help you plan for extinguishing the fire. Remember that the safety of individual CERT members is always the top priority. Effective fire sizeup will allow you to answer all of the following questions: Do my buddy and I have (1)_______________? Are there other hazards? Is the building structurally damaged? Can my buddy and I (2)______________? Can my buddy and I (3)______________?

1) The right equipment 2) Escape 3) Fight the fire safely

There are two symbols specified in the National Fire Codes, section 704. (1)____ indicates a material that displays unusual reactivity with water (i.e., should never be mixed with water or have water sprayed on it). Magnesium metal is an example of a material that is reactive to water. (2)____ indicates a material that possesses oxidizing properties. Ammonium nitrate is an example of a material with oxidizing properties. Materials that are oxidizers increase the potential for explosion or fire.

1) W 2) OX

Portable fire extinguishers must be rated and approved by the State fire marshal and Underwriters Laboratories (an organization that sets safety standards for manufactured goods). They are rated according to their (1)________________ on the different classes of fire. Their (2)_______________________ ___ ______________________ must also be labeled by the manufacturer. The label contains vital information about the type(s) of fire for which the extinguisher is appropriate.

1) effectiveness 2) strength and capability

There is a series of questions to ask before attempting to fight a fire with a fire extinguisher: Are there (1)________ ways to exit the area quickly and safely if I attempt to extinguish the fire? (The first priority for you and your buddy is safety.) Do I have the (2)_________________ of extinguisher for the type of fire? Is the extinguisher (3)_____________________ for the fire? Is the area free from other dangers, such as hazardous materials and (4)____________________? If you answer "NO" to any of these questions or if you have been unable to put out the fire in 5 seconds using the extinguisher, you should: Leave the building immediately. (5)________________________________ as you leave to slow the spread of the fire. If you answer "YES" to all of these questions, you may attempt to extinguish the fire. Even if you answer "YES" to all of the questions but feel unable to extinguish the fire, you should leave immediately. You should always remember the 5-second rule. If the fire is extinguished in 5 seconds and the area is safe, you should stay and overhaul the fire.

1) two 2) right type 3) large enough 4) falling debris 5) Shut all doors

Extinguishers that are appropriate for Class A fires have a rating from ______________, with a higher number indicating a higher volume of extinguishing agent.

1A to 40A

No number accompanies an extinguisher rated Classes ______________

C, D, or K.

Ordinary combustibles such as paper, cloth, wood, rubber, and many plastics Fit into which fire category? Class A Class B Class C Class D Class K

Class A

Flammable liquids (e.g., oils, gasoline) and combustible liquids (e.g., charcoal lighter fluid, kerosene). These fuels burn only at the surface because oxygen cannot penetrate the depth of the fluid. Only the vapor burns when ignited. Fit into which fire category? Class A Class B Class C Class D Class K Class C Fires: Energized electrical equipment (e.g., wiring, motors). When the electricity is turned off, the fire becomes a Class A fire.

Class B Fires

Energized electrical equipment (e.g., wiring, motors). When the electricity is turned off, the fire becomes a Class A fire. Fit into which fire category? Class A Class B Class C Class D Class K

Class C Fires

Combustible metals (e.g., aluminum, magnesium, titanium) Fit into which fire category? Class A Class B Class C Class D Class K

Class D

Cooking oils (e.g., vegetable oils, animal oils, fats) Fit into which fire category? Class A Class B Class C Class D Class K

Class K

Extinguishers for Class ____ fires are designed to supplement fire suppression systems in commercial kitchens. They spray an alkaline mixture that, when combined with the fatty acid of the burning cooking oil or fat, creates soapy foam to hold in the vapors and extinguish the fire.

Class K Fires

What three elements does a fire need to exist?

Heat Fuel Oxygen

The C on the label indicates only that the extinguisher is safe to use on _________________.

Electrical fires

________________ is the process of searching a fire scene for hidden fire or sparks in an effort to prevent the fire from rekindling. Remember "cool, soak, and separate."

Overhauling

As a CERT member, small fire suppression may be one of your roles. (1)________________________________ must always be your number one concern. You will be unable to help anyone if you are injured through careless sizeup or unsafe acts.

Your personal safety

While still in use, ____________________ and other specialized extinguishers are becoming less common.

carbon dioxide

In interior spaces, it is possible to confine a fire and restrict the spread of smoke and heat by (1)_____________________, interior and exterior

closing doors

The diamond is divided into four colored quadrants, each with a rating number inside of it, which indicates the ______________________ associated with the material. Numbers range from 1 to 4. The higher the number the higher the risk!

degree of risk

Remember that, in all cases, _________________ that has been shut off can only be restored by a trained technician.

natural gas

There are five types, or classes, of fire: Class A: Ordinary combustibles Class B: Flammable liquids Class C: Energized electrical equipment Class D: Combustible metals Class K: Cooking oils in commercial kitchens and cafeterias. It is extremely important to identify the class of fire to use the________________________________ for the class.

proper extinguisher

The yellow quadrant on the NFPA 704 Diamond indicates _________________

reactivity

To aid in extinguishing fires, fires are categorized into classes based on the ________________ that is burning: Class A Fires: Ordinary combustibles such as paper, cloth, wood, rubber, and many plastics Class B Fires: Flammable liquids (e.g., oils, gasoline) and combustible liquids (e.g., charcoal lighter fluid, kerosene). These fuels burn only at the surface because oxygen cannot penetrate the depth of the fluid. Only the vapor burns when ignited. Class C Fires: Energized electrical equipment (e.g., wiring, motors). When the electricity is turned off, the fire becomes a Class A fire. Class D Fires: Combustible metals (e.g., aluminum, magnesium, titanium) Class K Fires: Cooking oils (e.g., vegetable oils, animal oils, fats) It is extremely important to identify the type of fuel feeding the fire in order to select the correct method and agent for extinguishing the fire.

type of fuel