Unit 2 history

Why did enslaved people run away to join the British forces?

Enslaved people were seeking liberty.

Marquis de Lafayette

French soldier who joined General Washington's staff and became a general in the Continental Army.

Which Patriot militia leader convinced many Native Americans to abandon their British allies, leading to the recovery of the fort at Vincennes, Indiana?

George Rogers Clark

What was one of the key terms of the Treaty of Paris?

Great Britain recognized American independence and granted boundaries.

Which country's government did the colonists model their government after?

Great Britian

Why did colonial leaders convene a Provincial Congress to govern Massachusetts?

Patriots objected to Great Britain's naming General Thomas Gage as governor. Disabled

Which document did the Second Continental Congress send to King George III to reaffirm colonists' allegiance to him, but not to Parliament?

olive branch petition

What was one of the Patriots' greatest strengths?

persistence in fighting

What was the first sign that American revolutionary ideas had spread abroad?

the French Revolution

What important event led neutral civilians in the South to give their support to the Patriots?

the Patriots' decisive victory at Kings Mountain, South Carolina

Why did colonial women gather to spin thread and weave cloth?

to support colonial boycotts against British-made goods

When Thomas Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence that "all men are created equal," to whom was he most likely referring?

white men

Townshend Acts

A tax that the British Parliament passed in 1767 that was placed on leads, glass, paint and tea

What was the result of the Boston massacre

As a result, the British withdrew troops from Boston and dropped most of the taxes imposed by the Townshend Acts.

A key factor in the American victory in the American Revolution was the military assistance provided to the Patriots by which country?

France

What role did Benjamin Franklin play in relations between France and the United States?

Franklin was the main negotiator for the alliance with France.

Why were colonists angry that Great Britain had hired German mercenaries?

German mercenaries had a reputation for being particularly brutal in battle.

What was one difference between the British and American forces at the beginning of the American Revolution?

British troops had better training and more supplies.

Which of the following was included in Patrick Henry's Virginia Resolves?

Colonists could be taxed only by colonial assemblies.

Why did British soldiers open fire on colonists in the event known as the Boston Massacre?

Colonists had thrown rocks and snowballs at the soldiers.

What was one way that colonial governments differed from the British government?

Colonists' rights were defined by formal documents. British rights were defined by laws and tradition

Why did General Charles Cornwallis retreat from the Carolinas and march north into Virginia?

Cornwallis had decided he could not win the Carolinas after losing two key battles.

What radical idea was expressed in Common Sense?

Creating an American republic would inspire common people everywhere to reject kings.

What is one reason that the American Revolution led to the emancipation of slaves in the North but not in the South?

Slavery was not critical to the success of the economy in the North.

Which is an important effect of the American Revolution on other countries?

The American Revolution inspired revolutions around the world in years to come.

At Monmouth, what did the Continental soldiers demonstrate?

Their training at Valley Forge improved their discipline under fire.

Lexington and Concord

first battles of the Revolutionary War

Whom did the Second Continental Congress make supreme command of the Continental Army?

george washington

German mercenaries

hired by George III to fight the American revolutionaries

When did Congress approve the Declaration of Independence?

july 4th 1776

Whom or what did Common Sense name as the greatest enemy to American liberty?

king george 3

What was one of General George Washington's skills as a military leader?

leading retreats that saved the lives of his men

What was the most important concept that the American Revolution spread at home and abroad?

liberty

Which rights were described as natural rights by philosophers of the Enlightenment?

life and liberty

The legislative branches were bicameral

meaning that power was divided between two houses.

Which right, under the British form of government, did colonists cherish above all?

no taxation without representation

What did the term natural rights mean to Thomas Jefferson and other members of the Second Continental Congress?

rights that all men are born with

Sons of Liberty

secret society formed to oppose British policies

What idea is found in the Declaration of Independence?

that all men are born with rights that cannot be taken away by a government

Victories in which of the following battles helped raise morale when the Patriot cause seemed to be lost?

the Battles of Trenton and Princeton

Which event led to the siege of Yorktown?

the British occupation of Yorktown

What event finally convinced France to recognize American independence and enter the war against the British?

the Patriots' victory at the Battle of Saratoga

After the Treaty of Paris was signed, about 90,000 Loyalists became refugees. Where did about half of them resettle?

the area that later became Canada

Declaration of Independence

the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain

Mayflower Compact

the first governing document of Plymouth Colony

What actions by the colonists surprised John Adams?

the increase of political activity about taxes

According to Thomas Paine, who or what was the greatest enemy of American liberty?

the king

Which of the following was one of the Patriots' strengths?

the leadership of General George Washington

What act by customs officers began a series of events that led to the Boston Massacre?

the seizure of the merchant ship Liberty for smuggling

Who helped the Patriots by diverting British troops away from their offensive in the South?

the spainsh

Which Patriot wrote an influential book that denounced British aristocrats as frauds and parasites

thomas paine

Why did Thomas Paine write Common Sense?

to argue that the colonies should separate from Britain

Why did colonists form committees to enforce nonimportation agreements?

to ensure that colonists observed the boycott of British goods

Why did approximately 5,000 African Americans join Patriot militias or the Continental Army or Navy?

to gain there freedom

Why did the Sons of Liberty form?

to lead popular protests against the Stamp Act

Why did Parliament raise taxes on the colonies after the French and Indian War?

to pay war debts and keep the colonies safe

What was the purpose of the Boston Tea Party?

to protest the tax Parliament had levied on tea

What was the goal of the committees of correspondence?

to provide unity and leadership for anti-British colonists

The Declaration of Independence begins with the phrase "The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America." Which word in this phrase indicates that all thirteen states agreed with the statement being put forth?

unanimous

At which battle did the French navy help George Washington defeat the British and end the Revolutionary War?

yorktown

In late summer of 1781, Washington's troops trapped Cornwallis's army at _____.

yorktown

Why did General Thomas Gage send soldiers to Lexington?

to arrest colonial leaders hiding there

Why did Lord William Howe send his soldiers straight into enemy fire at the Battle of Bunker Hill?

to prove that trained British troops were superior to untrained colonial troops

Why did Parliament pass the Coercive Acts?

to punish colonists for the Boston Tea Party

Why did the Second Continental Congress send an "Olive Branch Petition" to King George III?

to reaffirm the colonists' allegiance to the king rather than Parliament

Virginia Resolves

"no taxation without representation," introduced by Patrick Henry

In a famous letter of 1776, why did Abigail Adams ask John Adams to "remember the women" while drafting the new nation's laws?

Abigail Adams wanted legal protection for women.

What happened to Loyalists after the American Revolution?

About 90,000 became political refugees.

Loyalists

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence

Benjamin Franklin

American intellectual, inventor, and politician He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution.

In what way could the American victory at Yorktown be called "lucky"?

The French fleet arrived at the right moment to blockade a British escape.

What was one reason the Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown and the Patriots won the war?

The Patriots received critical help from French soldiers and sailors.

What was the colonists' main objection to the Stamp Act? Disabled

The colonists did not want to be taxed directly by Parliament.

First Continental Congress

The colonists thought the Coercive Acts were intolerable and they made this

Boston Massacre

The first bloodshed of the American Revolution (1770), as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans. They revolted agianst the townshead acts

What was an important effect of the Battle of Saratoga on the Revolutionary War?

The victory encouraged France to form an alliance with the United States.

Under British rule, the king and Parliament of Great Britain controlled the colonies. A hierarchical system divided the population into distinct social classes. Which phrase from the Declaration of Independence attempted to change this practice in the United States?

all men created equal

What incident led Parliament to withdraw nearly all of the Townshend Acts?

boston mascre

Fighting began in Lexington and Concord when British troops _____.

came to arrest colonial leaders and take colonial weapons

In his book Common Sense, what action did Thomas Paine want the colonists to take?

declare independence from Britain

After declaring independence from Great Britain in 1776, what major obstacle did Americans have to overcome to gain independence?

defeating the greatest military power in the world

Spanish attacks on British forts in the South _____.

drew British troops away from battles with the Patriots

What misguided strategy caused Lord William Howe and the British to fail?

fighting a traditional war rather than trying to win the civilian support

Under the Treaty of Paris, how much territory did the Americans secure?

more territory than the Patriots had won in the war

Boston Tea Party

Boston Patriots boarded three British ships carrying tea and dumped the tea into the harbor

What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?

It suggested that the United States might just win the war.

What was the practice of enslaving African Americans after the Revolution?

It was eliminated in the North.

What did Congress send to King George III as a sign of peace?

Olive branch petition

Battle of Trenton

On Christmas day at night, Washington's soldiers began crossing the Deleware River. The next morning, they suprise attacked the British mercenaries which were Hessians.

Common Sense by Thomas Paine

Pamphlet that encouraged the Colonists to fight the British

Which of the following advantages was held by the British at the beginning of the war?

The British army had more weapons and ships than the Continental Army.

What events at Kings Mountain caused formerly neutral colonists to support the Patriots?

The Patriots crushed a Loyalist militia, and they executed many of the prisoners.

Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)

This series of laws were very harsh laws that intended to make Massachusetts pay for its resistance. It also closed down the Boston Harbor until the Massachusetts colonists paid for the ruined tea. Also forced Bostonians to shelter soilders in their own homes.

patriots

Those who opposed British taxes

How did Baron von Steuben help American troops during their harsh winter in Valley Forge?

Von Steuben drilled the troops to instill discipline.

Kings Mountain

a 1780 Revolutionary War battle in South Carolina in which Patriots defeated a Loyalist militia

Patrick Henry

a Virginia representative who argued only the colonial assemblies had the right to tax the colonists

Battle of Princeton

A week after the Battle at Trenton, Washington left a few men to tend some campfires and fool the enemy again. He quietly marched his army to Princeton, where they suprised and beat a British force. New Jersey turned Patriot. This battle helped the American morale.

. Why did General Thomas Gage send soldiers to Lexington?

. to arrest colonial leaders in hiding there

Stamp Act

1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.

Colonial governments divided power among how many branches?

3

Saratoga

A battle that took place in New York where the Continental Army defeated the British. It proved to be the turning point of the war. This battle ultimately had France to openly support the colonies with military forces in addition to the supplies and money already being sent.

Proclamation of 1763

A law imposed by the British government on the colonies to prevent settlers from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Paul Revere

A patriot who helped warn colonists about British movements

Continental Army

Army formed in 1775 by the Second Continental Congress and led by General George Washington

William Howe

British Commanding General at the start of the American Revolution

At the battle of Bunker Hill, why did William Howe order his men to make a frontal assault in broad daylight?

He believed his well-trained soldiers could beat untrained Patriot soldiers under any conditions.

How did the Revolutionary War affect the relationship between settlers and Indians?

It increased the fighting between settlers and Indians, leading the settlers to claim more Native American lands.

How did Patriots' victory in the American Revolution affect Native Americans?

It left them vulnerable to the American hunger for land.

In April 1775, British troops were sent to Lexington to arrest who?

John Hancock and John Adams, and to Concord to seize Patriot weapons.

John Adams

Massachusetts lawyer who was astonished by the surge in political activity

Which of the following was a consequence of the First Continental Congress?

More colonists became politically active.

Why was the fighting on the frontier in the Revolution especially destructive?

Native Americans attacked colonial settlements, and settlers killed neutral Native Americans.

How did the Treaty of Paris effect Native Americans?

Native Americans were forced to give up large amounts of land.

Valley Forge

Place where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778, a 4th of troops died here from disease and malnutriton, Steuben comes and trains troops

Which of the following advantages were held by the British at the beginning of the war?

The British army had more weapons and ships than the Continental Army.

How were the results of the British strategy in the South similar to the results in the North?

The British captured large seaports but could not control the countryside.

Which of the following contributed to the defeat of British troops in the South?

The British did not support Loyalist militias adequately.

Why did a majority of Native Americans choose to side with the British during the Revolutionary War?

The British said they would stop colonists from settling in the West.

After General Charles Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown, how did the British public generally feel about the war? Disabled

The British were fed up with war's casualties and with heavy taxes levied to pay for the war.

How did Patrick Henry's words "I am not a Virginian, but an American" symbolize the importance of the First Continental Congress?

The First Continental Congress helped unite the separate colonies.

Why did the colonists protest passage of the Stamp Act?

They believed that without representation in Parliament, they should not be taxed.

Why did the British suffer heavy casualties at the Battle of Bunker Hill?

They did not take the Patriots seriously.

Why did some colonists remain loyal to the British Crown?

They feared a destructive war. Many Loyalists believed that the strength of the British Empire would overpower the colonists if war broke out.

Which statement is true about the Loyalists?

They felt that Parliament and the Crown must be obeyed as the legitimate government of the Empire.

Why were the Americans mad?

They got mad when the British imposed taxes on them like that sugar, quartering, and stop act

Why were General George Washington's victories at Trenton and Princeton important?

They lifted the spirits of Patriots at a time when some had given up hope

Second Continental Congress

They organized the continental Army, called on the colonies to send troops, selected George Washington to lead the army, and appointed the comittee to draft the Declaration of Independence

What did the colonists do to let British Parliament know they were against new taxes?

They stopped buying British goods.

Which of the following describes Loyalists?

They thought Patriots were too radical

Why did southern whites discourage freeing slaves after the Revolution?

They thought freed slaves would seek revenge.

What did the Sons of Liberty do to protest the Stamp Act?

They tore down the office of the tax collector and destroyed his house.

committees of correspondence

a network of groups that provided leadership and promoted cooperation between the colonists

Why did the Second Continental Congress ask George Washington to lead the Continental Army?

Washington was an experienced officer.

Why was manumission banned in the South after 1800?

Whites feared that free blacks would seek revenge for past treatment.

What effect did the American Revolution have on the role of women in society?

Women began to speak out about issues that affected their ability to raise their children. Correct