Unit 2 Oceanography

How many calories must be removed from 5 g of pure water at 10°C to convert the water to ice

450

Up for some polls is sent vertically downward into the sea and it's reflected echo from the seafloor returns six seconds later the depth of the water is______meters

4500

Which of the following does not happen when salt is added

Density decreases

See surface color observed by satellite instruments is affected by

-Seawater scattering the light -seawater absorbing solar radiation -the florescence of dissolved compounds

Clouds_______radiation

-absorb shortwave -reflect shortwave -intercept longwave - radiate longwave

Which statements about El Niño are true

-it produces warm surface water along with the Parul-Ecuador's coast -it interrupts the south east Tradewinds and displaces the doldrums -it is associated with the displacement of the jetstream

Identify which of the following gases have variable concentration in the atmosphere

-methane -carbon dioxide -water vapor -ozone

Density changes in the oceans cause

-sounds shadows -light refraction -The sofar channel

Identify all of the following temperatures at which water boils at one atmosphere of pressure

100°C/212°F/373.15K

Approximately what percentage of the incoming solar radiation is absorbed by the surface of the earth

47%

Freshwater has its maximum density at

4°C

If the salinity of the ocean is 36%o, there are__grams of salt left from evaporating 2 kg of

72

Which situations cause an ion to have a long residence time in the oceans

A rapid rate of reaction with other substances

Seawater with the salt content of 35 g/kg has a freezing point

Above its temperature of maximum density

The long red wavelengths of visible light are

Absorbed in the 1st m

When warm, moist air passes over a cold earth surface,____fog is formed, and heat is transferred from____

Advective/air to earth

The arrangement of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule causes the water molecule to

Be polar

The doldrums are found

Between the north east tradewinds the South East Tradewinds

The pH of seawater is regulated by

Carbon dioxide

The salinity of a water sample can be determined by multiplying it's____by 1.80655

Chlorinity

Which of the following ions has the highest concentration in seawater

Cl-

Which substance has the greatest density

Cold saltwater

Which method best transmits he threw water

Convection

Water heated from below distributes the added heat by____, whereas the still surface of water heated from above distributes the added heat by____

Convection/diffusion and conduction

The polarity of water molecules is responsible for all the following except

Covalent bonding

The residence time of an ion in the oceans may be determined by

Dividing the total amount of the ion by either input or output rate

Sources of oceans' salts are believed to include

Earths crust, earths early atmosphere, and volcanic eruptions

A water molecule is composed of three different kinds of atoms

False

Anoxic water contains too much oxygen

False

Decreasing the atmospheric pressure increases the density of the air

False

Hurricanes commonly form at the equator

False

In the southern hemisphere the circulation of air about a low-pressure system is clockwise

False

La Nina indicates warmer than normal surface temperatures and the equatorial Pacific

False

More oxygen is found in the surface waters of lower latitudes then in surface waters at polar latitude

False

Sea ice formation prevents the ice point of the water from being depressed and warms the overlying air

False

The annual range of temperatures will be greater closer to the ocean then at inland locations

False

The annual variation and atmospheric carbon dioxide is caused primarily by seasonal photosynthesis on land in the southern hemisphere

False

The longer wavelengths of solar radiation above the band of visible light, any penetrate the sea greater than 10 m

False

The proportions of the major salts in seawater are constantly changing

False

When waters under great pressure the density of water decreases due to a decrease in volume

False

When's our names for the direction to which they blow

False

Electrodialysis produces _____ from low-salinity seawater

Fresh water

The major ionic constituents of sea salt are normally found to

Have a constant ratio of each constituent to each other, behave a conservative materials, and have the same ratio to each other even when deluded by rainwater

Earths surface winds are caused by air moving from a region of___to a region of____

High-pressure/Low pressure

Intense low-pressure atmospheric storms and that Atlantic ocean are called

Hurricanes

A water molecule can bond with other water molecules by____bonds

Hydrogen

Seawater conduct electricity because it contains

Ions

So far channel is centered where sound velocity

Is at its minimum

A Secchi disk is used to measure the attenuation of

Light

Trace elements in seawater are

Necessary for many marine life forms

A wind blowing from the north west to the south east is called a____wind

Northwest

Covalent bonds a water molecules

Positively charged hydrogen atom and negatively charged oxygen atom

The relative Mueller abundance of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in marine phytoplankton can be expressed in a relationship called the______ratio

Redfield

The Coriolis effect the deflects objects in the northern hemisphere to the___relative to their direction of motion

Right

Electrical conductivity reading at a known temperature measure

Salinity

If a chemical is not very abundant in the ocean but has a high rate of delivery to the ocean from land sources, it will have a____residence time in the ocean and will___become part of the seafloor sediments

Short/quickly

The______of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules in the substance

Temperature

Which latitudinal area tends to have the highest average surface salinity

Tropics (25°-30°)

A low-pressure system develops over India during the wet phase of the South Asian monsoon

True

Acid rain falling on the water has little effect on the pH of the ocean

True

An ion with a positive charge is known as a cation

True

Clouds can either heat or cool earth

True

El Nino is an oceanic and atmospheric system that moves across the Central Pacific from Asia towards Peru

True

In the northern hemisphere, the air circulation about a high-pressure cell is clockwise

True

Rainshadow's develop on the Leeward side of topographic barriers

True

Repeated sound speed measurements over great distances are being used to measure possible changes and ocean water temperature

True

Storm tides are caused by the no atmospheric pressure and winds associated with hurricanes and typhoons

True

Surface values of dissolved oxygen me exceed 100% saturation

True

The polar nature of water molecules aids and it's solvent abilities

True

The rule of consistency of composition of sea salt for open-ocean water specifies that regardless of the salinity the major ions always appear in the same ratio to each other

True

When the salinity of a seawater sample changes, the ratio of the major salt ions does not change

True

when water is evaporating at earths surface temperature, the water surface loses more heat than water evaporator at 100°C

True

Intense low-pressure atmospheric storms in the Western Pacific ocean is called

Typhoons

Which phase change reaction requires the most energy

Vaporization

Sources of oxygen in the open sea include

the atmosphere and photosynthesis