Unit 20 Questions

T/F Eosinophils are involved in mediating responses to parasitic worms and allergies.

true

T/F The granulocytes include the neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

true

T/F The liquid portion of blood is known as plasma.

true

State which antigens are present on the surface of erythrocytes of the following blood type: AB+

A B and Rh antigen

State which antigens are present on the surface of erythrocytes of the following blood type: A-

A antigen

Explain why a person who is blood type O- can donate blood to any blood type but can receive only from individuals who are also blood type O-.

An individual with type O- blood has anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh antibodies present in their blood (assuming exposure to the Rh antigen). However, blood type O- lacks all three antigens. This lack of antigens is the reason such an individual can donate to someone of any blood type. However, the fact that they have all three antibodies means that only another person that lacks all three antigens will be able to donate to people with O- blood.

State which antigens are present on the surface of erythrocytes of the following blood type: B+

B and Rh antigens

Antibodies are produced by _____ and bind to specific _____ on erythrocytes, causing _____, or clumping of erythrocytes.

B lymphocytes antigens agglutination

List all of the blood types to which the following people could donate, assuming the recipients have been exposed to Rh antigens Donor 3: type AB+

type AB+

List all of the blood types to which the following people could donate, assuming the recipients have been exposed to Rh antigens Donor 1: type A-

types A+ A- AB+ and AB-

A common consequence of many cancer chemotherapy drugs in destruction of bone marrow cells. This leads to a decrease in the number of circulating erythrocytes and leukocytes, resulting in conditions called anemia and leukopenia, respectively. Predict the consequences of anemia and leukopenia, considering the function of these types of cells.

Erythrocytes carry oxygen through the body. Symptoms of anemia result from decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues and include weakness, fatigue, easy bruising, and decreased ability to heal from injury or infection. A decrease in the number of circulating leukocytes will result in a diminished ability to respond to cellular injury, particularly infection. This can make what would otherwise be a simple infection potentially lethal.

List all of the blood types to which the following people could receive, assuming the recipients have been exposed to Rh antigens Recipient 3: type A-

types A+ A- AB+ and AB-

The disease erythroblastosis fetalis develops in a fetus or a newborn infant with Rh-positive blood and an Rh-negative mother. Symptoms result when maternal anti-Rh antibodies cross the placenta and interact with the fetus' erythrocytes. Why are the children of Rh-positive mothers not at risk for this disease? Why are Rh-negative fetuses not at risk for this disease?

Rh-positive mothers will not produce anti-Rh antibodies, so Rh-positive fetuses will not be at risk for the disease. Similarly, Rh-negative fetuses do not have the Rh antigen, so even if the mother has anti-Rh antibodies, there are no antigens to agglutinate, so the fetus is not at risk.

The poison ricin, derived from the castor bean plant, interferes with protein synthesis. Which formed elements of blood would ricin affect directly? Are there any mature formed elements in the blood that ricin would not affect? Explain.

Ricin would affect leukocytes and immature blood cells of the bone marrow because these cells contain nuclei and are capable of synthesizing proteins. Mature erythrocytes and platelets would not be directly affected by ricin because these cells/cell fragments lack nuclei and therefore cannot carry out protein synthesis.

Erythrocytes carry _____ on the protein _____.

oxygen hemoglobin

Your hospital patient has been admitted for a cough, fever, and shortness of breath. Lab analysis of blood work shows an elevated leukocyte count with, specifically, a high neutrophil count. The nurse practitioner says that based on this information the patient likely has a bacterial infection, although he needs further information to confirm the diagnosis. What led him to conclude that the patient has a bacterial infection, and why?

The high leukocyte count indicates that the body is generating an inflammatory response, and the other signs and symptoms point to that inflammation being caused by an infection. Neutrophils are the main cells that ingest bacteria, and their numbers tend to elevate during bacterial infections. For this reason, the NP has concluded that the patient likely has a bacterial infection until more information is available.

Which blood type is considered the universal donor? Why can this blood type be given to all other blood types?

The universal donor is type O- because this blood type has none of the A, B, or Rh antigens on the surface of its erythrocytes. Therefore, it cannot bind to any recipient's antibodies.

Which blood type is considered the universal recipient? Why can people with this blood type receive blood from all other blood types?

The universal recipient is type AB+ because this blood type has all three antigens on the surface of its erythrocytes. Therefore, it has none of the antibodies and so will not react to any of the other antigens on any blood type.

all that apply A person with type O blood has a. anti-A antibodies b. anti-B antibodies c. anti-O antibodies d. no antibodies

a. anti-A antibodies b. anti-B antibodies

all that apply A person with type A- blood has which of the following antibodies(assume the person has been exposed to Rh antigens) a. anti-A antibodies b. anti-B antibodies c. anti-Rh antibodies d. no antibodies

b. anti-B antibodies c. anti-Rh antibodies

Which of the following is not an antigen that may be found on the surface of an erythrocyte? a. A antigen b. B antigen c. O antigen d. Rh antigen

d. Rh antigen

T/F Erythrocytes are generally involved in some aspect of the immune system.

false

T/F Lymphocytes leave the blood and become macrophages, very active phagocytes.

false

State which antigens are present on the surface of erythrocytes of the following blood type: O-

none

List all of the blood types to which the following people could receive, assuming the recipients have been exposed to Rh antigens Recipient 4: type AB-

types A- B- AB- and O-

List all of the blood types to which the following people could donate, assuming the recipients have been exposed to Rh antigens Donor 4: type B-

types B+ B- AB+ and AB-

List all of the blood types to which the following people could receive, assuming the recipients have been exposed to Rh antigens Recipient 2: type B+

types B+ B- O+ and O-

List all of the blood types to which the following people could donate, assuming the recipients have been exposed to Rh antigens Donor 2: type O+

types O+ A+ B+ and AB+

List all of the blood types to which the following people could receive, assuming the recipients have been exposed to Rh antigens Recipient 1: type O+

types O+ and O-