unit 3 anatomy - multiple choice

the mechanism by which glucose can enter the cytoplasm without expending ATP is via

a carrier protein

red blood cells are hemolysis when the cells are placed in contact with

a hypotonic solution

transmembrane potential is important in maintaining the integrity of a cell because

it greatly increases the cell's sensitivity to its environment

the most notable characteristic of the G0 phase of an interphase cell is that

it is not preparing for mitosis

most of the surface of the cell membrane consists of

lipids

the smooth ER has a variety of functions that center around the synthesis of

lipids and carbohydrates

the energy-producing process in the mitochondria involves a series of reactions in which ____ is consumed and ____ is generated

oxygen and carbon dioxide

passive or leakage channels within the cell membrane

permit water and ion movement at all times

because of its chemical-structural composition, the cell membrane is called a

phospholipid bilayer

structurally, the cell membrane is best described as a

phospholipid bilayer interspersed with proteins

major components of the cell membrane

phospholipids, proteins, glycolipids, and cholesterol

solutes cannot cross the lipid portion of a cell membrane because

the lipid tails of phospholipid molecules are highly hydrophobic and will not associate with water molecules

the process of cytokinesis refers to

the physical separation of the daughter cells

the reason that water soluble ions and molecules cannot enter certain regions of the cell membrane is because

the presence of hydrophobic tails on the interior of the membrane

one of the great advantages of moving materials by active transport is

the process is not dependent on a concentration gradient

the reason dead skin cells are usually shed in thick sheets rather than individually is because of

the strength of the links of the desmosomes

the rate that solute molecules are filtered depends on

their size, the force of the hydrostatic pressure, the rate at which water passes through the membrane

the combined and coordinated actions of many cells maintain homeostasis at the levels of the ...

tissue, organ, and organ system

the process in which RNA polymerase uses the genetic information to assemble a strand of mRNA is

transcription

true or false : cells are the smallest units that perform all vital physiological functions

true

if the DNA triplet is TAG, the corresponding codon on the mRNA strand will be

AUC

if the mRNA has the codons (GGG)-(GCC)-(AAU), it will bind to the tRNAs with anticodons

CCC-CGG-UUA

process of mitosis begins when the cell enters the

G0 phase

the correct sequence of the cell cycle beginning with interphase is

G0, G1, S, G2, Gm

the passive factor which helps to maintain the transmembrane potential is

K+ diffuse out of the cell faster than Na+ can enter and the interior of the cell develops an excess of negative charges

the replication of DNA occurs primarily during the

S phase

ions and other small water-soluble materials cross the plasma membrane only by passing through

a receptor protein

a sequence of 3 nitrogen bases can specify the identity of

a single amino acid

a solution that is hypotonic to cytoplasm has

a solute concentration lower than that of the cytoplasm

in the human body the process of phagocytosis is illustrated by

a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium

peroxisomes, which are smaller than lysosomes, are primarily responsible for

absorption and neutralization of toxins

all transport through the cell membrane can be classified as either

active or passive

major difference between diffusion and bulk flow is that when molecules move by bulk flow they move

as a unit in one direction

facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that

carrier proteins are involved

the building block of all plants and animals

cells

an injection of a concentrated salt solution into the circulatory system would result in

crenation of the red blood cells

isolating the cytoplasm from the surrounding fluid environment by the cell membrane is important because

cytoplasm has a composition different from the extracellular fluid and the differences must be maintained

the process of differentiation resulting in the appearance of characteristic cell specializations involves

gene activation or repression

during osmosis, water will always flow across a membrane toward the solution that has the

highest concentration of solutes

spreading process of a primary tumor is called __________, and the dispersion of malignant cells to establish a secondary tumor is called __________.

invasion, metastasis

the factor(s) that interact(s) to create and maintain the transmembrane potential is (are) the

membrane permeability for sodium, membrane permeability for potassium, presence of the Na-K exchange pump

the primary components of the cytoskeleton, which gives the cell strength and rigidity and anchors the position of major organelles, are

microtubules

approximately 95 percent of the energy needed to keep a cell alive is generated by the activity of the

mitochondria

membranous organelles

mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes

as the cell life cycle proceeds, cyclin levels climb, causing the maturation promoting factor (MPF) to appear in the cytoplasm, initiating the process of

mitosis

the formation of a malignant tumor indicates that

mitotic rates of cells are no longer responding to normal control mechanisms

major functional difference between flagella and cilia is that flagella

move a cell through surrounding fluid

along the length of the DNA strand, information is stored in the sequence of

nitrogenous bases

ribosomal proteins and RNA are produced primarily in the

nucleolus

epsom salts exert a laxative effect due to the process of

osmosis

the four stages of mitosis in correct sequence are

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

the major factor that allows the nucleus to control cellular operations is through its

regulation of protein synthesis

membranous organelles differ from non membranous organelles in that membranous organelles are

surrounded by lipid membranes that isolate them from the cytosol

functions of the golgi apparatus

synthesis, storage, alteration, packaging

3 major functions of the endoplasmic reticulum are

synthesis, storage, transport

nucleoli are nuclear organelles that

synthesize the components of ribosomes

at the chromosome level, the number of cell division performed by a cell and its descendants is regulated by stuctures called

telomeres

the effect of diffusion in body fluids is that it

tends to eliminate local concentration gradients

the reason lysosomes are sometimes called "cellular suicide packets" is

the breakdown of lysosomal membranes can destroy a cell

homeostasis at the tissue, organ, system, and individual levels reflects

the combined and coordinated actions of many cells

regulation of exchange with the environment is an important function of the cell membrane because it controls

the entry of ions and nutrients, and the elimination of wastes